制度型开放的内涵、现状与路径

International Comparison of Institutional Opening and China’s Choice

在全球贸易增速下降、逆全球化浪潮兴起以及世界经济治理进入规则重塑期的背景下,2018年12月中央经济工作会议提出将“制度型开放”作为中国对外开放的新目标。制度型开放是通过在国与国之间以及国内各区域之间,在贸易规则和规制、投资规则和规制以及生产中的管理和标准等方面进行协调和融合来促进经济开放。当前国际分工深化到以要素分工为特征的生产一体化阶段,制度型开放是与国际生产一体化相适应的开放形态。制度型开放的理念在中国改革开放的历程中以及双边、多边贸易协议中均有体现。中国需要通过激励企业制度创新、实现产业转型升级、保障市场公平竞争、明确政府权责范围、优化外部合作环境等方法逐步实现制度型开放。

Under the background of global trade growth rate declining,anti-globalization tide rising and world economic governance rules reshaping,the Central Economic Work Conference proposed the " institutional opening" as a new goal. Institutional opening refers to the coordination and integration of trade rules and regulations,investment rules and regulations,and production management and standards among countries and between domestic regions. The institutional opening is an opening pattern adapted to the international production integration. Treaties reflecting the idea of institutional openness have appeared many times in WTO agreements and multilateral trade agreements,but a complete system of institutional openness has not been constructed. China needs to gradually realize institutional opening through encouraging enterprise system innovation,realizing industrial transformation and upgrading,ensuring fair market competition,clarifying the scope of government rights and responsibilities,and optimizing the external cooperation environment.