世界贸易组织透明度机制整体改革研究

Research on the Overall Reform of the Transparency Mechanism of the World Trade Organization

透明度对WTO多边贸易体制的稳定和可预测性具有重要作用,WTO改革应给予透明度机制更多关注。WTO透明度机制包括通报机制和贸易政策审议机制两种具体方式。通报机制存在成员方通报不力的问题,贸易政策审议机制具有信息供给不足的缺陷,二者透明度功能遭遇类似的实现困境,亟需改革提升。但是,各成员方关于透明度的改革提案中,强化通报义务履行方面存在纪律约束路线与能力建设路线的严重分歧,且对贸易政策审议机制的关注严重不足。通报机制与贸易政策审议机制具有相同的制度根源,面临相似的机制问题,二者在透明度功能运行中具有互补性,因而WTO透明度机制改革应从机制整体发展视角出发。WTO透明度机制改革过程中应保持通报机制与贸易政策审议机制改革并进,国际透明与国内透明并重。在透明度实现的自我报告方式中选择透明度实现的合理约束路径,在他人报告方式中完善和强化反向通报和秘书处报告的作用。

Transparency plays an important role in the stability and predictability of the WTO multilateral trade system. At present,the multilateral trade legal system is in crisis. Thus,more attention should be paid to the transparency mechanism in the WTO reform. WTO transparency mechanism includes two concrete ways: notification mechanism and trade policy review mechanism. The notification mechanism has the problem of ineffective notification by members,and the trade policy review mechanism has the defect of insufficient information supply. The transparency functions of the two mechanisms are confronted with similar difficulties and need to be reformed and improved. However,in the reform proposals of members on transparency,there are serious differences between the way of discipline and capacity building in strengthening the fulfillment of notification obligation,and the reform of trade policy review mechanism is seriously insufficient. The mechanism of notification and the mechanism of trade policy review have the same institutional roots and face similar institutional problems. Since they are complementary in the operation of transparency function,the reform of WTO transparency mechanism should be started from the perspective of the overall development of the mechanism. In the process of reforming the WTO transparency mechanism,both the notification mechanism and the trade policy review mechanism should be reformed simultaneously,and both international and domestic transparency should be emphasized. In the self-report mode of transparency realization,choose the reasonable legal constraint path of transparency realization,and improve the role of reverse notification and secretariat report in the others reporting mode.