面向人工生态循环系统的气凝胶材料研究进展

Recent Advances on Aerogels Used for Artificial Ecological Cycle System

能源危机和环境污染是当今人类社会面临的全球性难题,减少二氧化碳(CO_(2))和其他温室气体的排放,实现碳中和是当务之急。以“能量的提供–储存–消耗–再提供”为目标的“人工生态循环”系统可以通过消耗CO_(2)获取物质和能源并实现循环利用,有助于缓解上述问题。气凝胶材料具有超高孔隙率、超大比表面积和超低密度等特性,其连续三维网络结构不仅能够提供丰富的电荷转移通道,而且可以作为载体来掺杂或负载各种有机或无机活性材料以获得催化性能优异的复合材料,在“人工生态循环”系统,包括光化学、电化学、储能材料等领域具有广泛的应用前景。概述了气凝胶材料在人工生态循环中光化学、电化学、人工固氮、储氢、热电材料等方面的相关应用,并对气凝胶材料的发展前景进行了总结和展望。

The energy crisis and environmental pollution are the existing global problems for humanbeings.It is a priority to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))and other greenhouse gases and to achieve carbon neutrality.The“artificial ecological cycle”for“(energy supply–storage–consumption–resupply)”enables to recycle and obtain material and energy via the consumption of CO_(2)to alleviate these problems.Aerogels with a ultra-high porosity,a large specific surface area and a ultra-low density,and a continuous three-dimensional network structure can provide abundant charge transfer channels,and can be used as carriers to dope or load various organic or inorganic active materials to obtain composite materials with excellent catalytic performance for a wide range of applications in“artificial ecological cycle”system,i.e.,photochemistry,electrochemistry,energy storage materials and other fields.In this review,we outlined the relevant applications of aerogels in photochemistry,electrochemistry,artificial nitrogen fixation,hydrogen storage and thermoelectric materials in the artificial ecological cycle,as well as outlooked the development prospects of aerogels.