2018年与2020年新疆墨玉县维吾尔族居民健康素养水平及影响因素调查

Health literacy levels and influencing factors among Uyghur residents in Moyu County,Xinjiang:a comparison between 2018 and 2020

目的调查分析2018年与2020年新疆墨玉县维吾尔族居民健康素养水平及影响因素。方法采用多阶段整群抽样法, 于2018年和2020年分别抽取新疆墨玉县5 211例和5 207例维吾尔族居民, 使用《新疆少数民族地区健康文化调查问卷》进行问卷调查。调查内容包括一般人口学特征、总体健康素养水平以及3个方面(健康知识与理念、健康生活方式与行为、健康技能)、6个维度(科学健康观、健康信息素养、传染病防治素养、慢性病防治素养、安全与急救素养、基本医疗素养)的健康素养水平。采用χ2检验和多因素logistic回归分析2020年居民健康素养的影响因素。结果 2020年新疆墨玉县维吾尔族居民总体及3个方面的健康素养水平均高于2018年(总体8.10%比5.07%, 健康知识与理念9.99%比7.60%, 健康生活方式与行为6.88%比5.33%, 健康技能40.12%比30.22%)(均P<0.05)。2018年6个维度的健康素养水平从高到低依次为安全与急救素养(26.42%)、基本医疗素养(14.14%)、健康信息素养(13.38%)、科学健康观(10.17%)、传染病防治素养(8.96%)、慢性病防治素养(5.57%);2020年依次为安全与急救素养(36.09%)、基本医疗素养(24.08%)、健康信息素养(20.47%)、传染病防治素养(15.19%)、科学健康观(13.85%)、慢性病防治素养(10.10%), 均高于2018年(均P<0.05)。性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、职业、家庭人均月收入、居住地区是居民健康素养水平的影响因素。结论 2020年新疆墨玉县维吾尔族居民健康素养水平较2018年有所提升, 但总体水平仍然较低, 老年人、低文化程度者、低收入者、商业人员及职员是健康教育的重点人群, 健康生活方式与行为、慢性病防治素养、科学健康观、传染病防治素养是健康教育与健康促进干预的重要领域。

Objective To analyze the health literacy level and influencing factors of Uyghur residents in Moyu County,Xinjiang between 2018 and 2020.Methods A total of 5211 and 5207 Uyghur residents in Moyu County,Xinjiang were sampled using the multi-stage cluster method in 2018 and 2020,respectively.The health culture questionnaire for ethnic minority in Xinjiang was used.The survey included general demographic characteristics,overall health literacy levels,and the three aspects of health literacy levels(health knowledge and concepts,healthy lifestyles and behaviors,and health skills)and six dimensions(scientific health concept,health information literacy,infectious disease prevention and control literacy,chronic disease prevention literacy,safety and first aid literacy,and basic medical literacy).The influencing factors of residents′health literacy in 2020 were analyzed usingχ2 test and multivariate logistic regression.Results In 2020,overall health literacy and its three aspects among Uyghur residents in Moyu County,Xinjiang were higher than in 2018(overall 8.10%vs 5.07%,health knowledge and concepts 9.99%vs 7.60%,healthy lifestyle and behavior 6.88%vs 5.33%,health skills 40.12%vs 30.22%)(all P<0.05).In 2018,results for the six dimensions of health literacy were,from high to low,as follows:safety and first aid literacy(26.42%),basic medical literacy(14.14%),health information literacy(13.38%),scientific health concept(10.17%),infectious disease prevention and control literacy(8.96%),chronic disease prevention and treatment literacy(5.57%);In 2020,the results,from high to low,were:safety and first aid literacy(36.09%),basic medical literacy(24.08%),health information literacy(20.47%),infectious disease prevention and treatment literacy(15.19%),scientific health concept(13.85%),and chronic disease prevention and treatment literacy(10.10%).All values were higher than in 2018(all P<0.05).Gender,age,education level,marital status,occupation,per capita monthly household income level,and area of residence influenced health literacy levels of local residents.Conclusions The health literacy of Uyghur residents in Moyu County,Xinjiang improved from 2018 to 2020;however,the overall level remains low.Elderly people,people with low education levels,people with low incomes,business people&staff are the key groups requiring health education.Healthy lifestyle and behavior,chronic disease prevention and treatment literacy,scientific health concept,infectious disease prevention and control literacy are identified as areas necessitating health education and health promotion intervention.