感知社会支持促进青少年锻炼行为的运行机制:基于因果定向的调节效应

The Mechanism of Perceived Social Support Promoting Adolescent Exercise Behavior:Moderating Effects Based on Causal Orientation

尽管身体锻炼的重要性深入人心,但生活中的个体行为依然会表现出锻炼动机、锻炼意向和锻炼行为不一致的现象。基于美国心理学家Deci和Ryan提出的自我决定理论,运用文献资料、心理测量等方法对2124名青少年进行测查并构建锻炼行为模型。首先探讨青少年感知社会支持对其锻炼行为影响的内部运行机制,其次探究因果定向变量对促进过程产生的作用。结果表明:1)基于自我决定理论获得的青少年锻炼行为理论模型能够很好地解释和预测各变量的相互关系。2)感知到社会支持才能促进青少年的锻炼行为。基本心理需要、自主动机和锻炼意向在整体的运行过程中具有重要的链式中介效应,能力需要的中介强度与效果量最大。3)不同因果定向的青少年会产生不同的社会支持感知,对锻炼行为促进效果不同,因果定向变量具有调节作用。社会支持的干预方式对自主定向和控制定向的青少年锻炼行为促进是有效的。

Although the importance of physical exercise is deeply rooted in people’s minds,individual behaviors in daily life still show inconsistencies in exercise motivation,exercise intention and exercise behavior.Based on the self-determination theory proposed by American psychologists Deci and Ryan,this study uses literature review,psychological measurement,and other methods to survey 2,124 adolescents and builds an exercise behavior model.This study first explores the internal mechanism of the influence of adolescents’perceived social support on their exercise behavior and then explores the effects of causal orientation variables on the promoting process.The results show that:1)the theoretical model of adolescent exercise behavior based on the self-determination theory can well explain and predict the relationship between the variables;2)perceived social support can promote adolescents’exercise behavior.Basic psychological needs,autonomous motivation and exercise intention have important chain mediating effects in the whole process of operation,and ability needs have the highest mediating intensity and effect quantity.3)Adolescents with different causal orientations have different perceptions of social support,which has different effects on the promotion of exercise behavior,and causal orientations have a moderating effect.The intervention of social support is effective in promoting self-directed and control-directed adolescent exercise behavior.