行为转变疾病教育模式对急性心肌梗死PCI术后患者"知信行"及预后的影响

Effects of behavior change disease education model on"Knowledge-Attitude-Practice"and prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction after PCI

目的分析行为转变疾病教育模式对急性心肌梗死经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术后患者"知信行"及预后的影响。方法选取2018年2月至2019年1月安阳市人民医院急性心肌梗死PCI患者116例, 参考随机数字表法, 按照1∶1比例将纳入患者随机分为观察组和对照组, 每组58例。对照组采用传统健康教育方法, 观察组采用行为转变疾病教育模式。观察两组患者术后"知信行"、术后1年心血管风险分级、再狭窄率及生活质量。结果与教育前比较, 教育后两组患者健康行为相关知识、信念、执行评分均升高;且教育后, 观察组上述项目评分高于对照组, 差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与教育前比较, 术后1年两组患者心血管中高危风险构成比均下降、低危风险构成比升高;且术后1年, 观察组中高危风险构成比低于对照组、低危风险构成比高于对照组, 差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组1年内血管再狭窄1例、对照组4例, 两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);生活质量良好构成比高于对照组、不佳构成比低于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论行为转变疾病教育模式能有效规范和提高急性心肌梗死PCI术后患者"知信行"行为, 使其形成良好的健康生活方式, 实现降低PCI术后心血管危险层级的目标。

Objective To analyze the influence of behavior change disease education model on the"Knowledge-Attitude-Practice"and prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods A total of 116 patients with acute myocardial infarction PCI in Anyang People's Hospital from February 2018 to January 2019 were selected.According to the random number table method,the included patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group according to the ratio of 1:1,with 58 patients in each group.The control group received traditional health education,while the observation group received behavioral change disease education.The"Knowledge-Attitude-Practice",cardiovascular risk grade,restenosis rate and quality of life in 1 year after operation were observed.Results Compared with before education,the knowledge,attitude and practice score of health behavior in the two groups increased after education,and after education,the scores of the above items in the observation group were higher than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).One year after operation,compared with before education,the proportion of high-risk cardiovascular risk in the two groups decreased,and the proportion of low-risk cardiovascular risk increased.And one year after operation,the proportion of high-risk cardiovascular risk in the observation group was lower than that in the control group,and the proportion of low-risk cardiovascular risk was higher than that in the control group,and the differences were statistically signifi cant(P<0.05).One case of restenosis in the observation group and four cases in the control group within one year,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The proportion of good quality of life of the observation group was higher than that of the control group,and the proportion of poor quality of life of the observation group was lower than that of the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions Behavior change disease education model can effectively standardize and improve the"Knowledge-Attitude-Practice"behavior of patients with acute myocardial infarction after PCI,so that they can form a good healthy lifestyle and achieve the goal of reducing the level of cardiovascular risk after PCI.