积极应对人口老龄化:政策演进与国家战略实施

Active Aging:Policy Evolution and National Strategy Implementation

文本系统梳理了我国积极应对人口老龄化的政策发展历程,从政策到法律法规、战略行动,再到国家战略的演变可分为概念提出、体系形成和战略实施三个阶段。我国现阶段的老年社会保障类政策成效显著、政策形式日益多元、多层次的积极老龄化政策网络逐渐成熟,与我国整体的经济发展水平及老年人需求特点日益协调。但同时存在老龄政策领域有待拓宽、增权赋能型政策有待强化、为老服务和产品供给体系不够成熟、老龄友好环境有待优化等问题。在积极应对人口老龄化国家战略实施新阶段,有必要从政策体系、保障服务、为老服务和产品供给、社会环境营造、劳动力供给、智慧养老、进一步优化生育政策等方面,做好积极准备与应对,以期更好地提升老龄社会治理体系和治理能力。

This paper systematically sorts out China’s development of policy on active aging.The evolution from policies to laws and regulations,strategic actions,and then to national strategy can be roughly divided into three stages:concept proposal,system formation and strategy implementation.So far China’s social security policies for the elderly have achieved remarkable results,with increasingly diversified and multi-level policy forms,and the active aging policy network has gradually matured and is increasingly coordinated with China’s overall economic development level and the characteristics of the needs of the elderly.However,there are still some problems to be solved:the policy field for the aged needs to be enlarged,the policy of empowering and enabling the aged needs to be strengthened,the supply system of services and products for the aged is still immature,and a friendly environment for the aged is yet to be improved.In implementing the national strategy to deal with population aging,it is necessary to make active preparations from the policy system,security services,the supply of services and products for the elderly,social environment construction,labor supply,smart ageing and other aspects,so as to achieve the improvement of the social governance ability of the elderly.