Immune checkpoint inhibitors-associated cardiotoxicity in immunotherapy trials on gastrointestinal cancer patients

To the editor:Gastrointestinal(GI)cancer is the most common malignancy in China.[1]For many decades,the treatment options for GI cancers have been limited to surgery,radiotherapy,and chemotherapy.Over recent years,immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)that target programmed cell death 1(PD-1),or its programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1),have demonstrated promising efficacies and changed the treatment landscape in GI cancer.[2]However,immune-related adverse events(irAEs)can occur during ICI treatment.Furthermore,ICI-associared cardiotoxicity is a rare but potentially fatal toxic effect.