2011至2020年湖北省新发职业性尘肺病发病特征及趋势分析

Epidemiological characteristics and trend of new cases of occupational pneumoconiosis in Hubei Province from 2011 to 2020

目的分析湖北省2011至2020年新发职业性尘肺病的流行特征及变化趋势, 为制定职业性尘肺病防治策略提供理论依据。方法于2021年3月, 收集来自"职业病及健康危害因素监测信息系统"中报告的2011至2020年湖北省所有新发职业性尘肺病病例资料, 对病例的基本情况、地区、行业、病种及诊断时间、发病年龄及接尘工龄等进行统计描述。结果 2011至2020年, 湖北省共报告新发职业性尘肺病7 203例, 其中男性7 125例(98.92%), 女性78例(1.08%), 发病年龄(54.03±10.12)岁, 接尘工龄(13.80±9.56)年, 以煤工尘肺(3 593例, 49.88%)和矽肺(3 301例, 45.83%)为主。其中壹期尘肺病4 814例(66.83%)、贰期尘肺病1 270例(17.63%)、叁期尘肺病1 119例(15.54%);新发病例主要分布于宜昌市(1 586例, 22.02%)、十堰市(1 257例, 17.45%)、恩施土家族苗族自治州(1 050例, 14.58%)和黄石市(1 009例, 14.01%), 行业分布以煤炭开采和洗选业(3 743例, 51.96%)和非金属矿采选业(582例, 8.08%)为主。叁期尘肺病病例主要分布于小型(401例, 50.25%)和内资企业(796例, 99.75%)。结论湖北省新发职业性尘肺病病例以煤工尘肺和矽肺为主, 新发病例呈现明显的地区、行业、病种分布, 应加强对小型、内资企业的企业职业监管。

Objective The epidemiological characteristics and trend of occupational pneumoconiosis in Hubei Province from 2011 to 2020 were analyzed to provide a theoretical basis for the development of prevention and control strategies for occupational pneumoconiosis.Methods In March 2021,the data of newly occupational pneumoconiosis in Hubei Province from 2011 to 2020 were collected by the Occupational Diseases and Health Risk Factors Information Surveillance System.Descriptive statistics were adopted to analyze basic situation,region,industry,type of disease,year of diagnosis,age of onset and dust exposureduration of the cases.Results From 2011 to 2020,a total of 7203 new cases of occupational pneumoconiosis were reported in Hubei Province,including 7125(98.92%)men and 78(1.08%)women.The average age of onset was(54.03±10.12)years old.The average duration of dust exposure was(13.80±9.56)years.The mainly types of pneumoconiosis were coal worker's pneumoconiosis(3593 cases,49.88%)and silicosis(3301 cases,45.83%).The cases included 4814 cases(66.83%)of stageⅠpneumoconiosis,1270 cases(17.63%)of stageⅡand 1119 cases(15.54%)of stageⅢ.New cases mainly distributed in Yichang City(1586 cases,22.02%),Shiyan City(1257 cases,17.45%),Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture(1050 cases,14.58%)and Huangshi City(1009 cases,14.01%),and occurred most frequently in coal mining and washing industry(3743 cases,51.96%)and nonmetallic mining industry(582 cases,8.08%).Pneumoconiosis patients of stageⅢwere mainly distributed in small enterprises(401 cases,50.25%)and domestic enterprises(796 cases,99.75%).Conclusion Coal worker's pneumoconiosis and silicosis accounted for the vast majority pneumoconiosis in Hubei Province.The new cases show obvious regions,industries and type of disease distribution.We should strengthen occupational health supervision in small and domestic enterprises.