尘肺病免疫发病机制研究进展

Research progress on immune pathogenesis of pneumoconiosis

尘肺病是职业病中影响广泛、危害严重的一类疾病, 是由于生产性粉尘被吸入肺部进而蓄积所致的, 以肺组织弥漫性纤维化为主的全身性疾病, 且脱离了粉尘源, 尘肺病仍可持续进展, 最终导致呼吸衰竭, 甚至死亡。随着新材料、新技术和新工艺的广泛应用, 工业性材料需求的日益上涨, 以及20世纪工业繁荣期大量接尘工人的存留, 尘肺病的发病率及累计病例数仍持续呈高位, 给社会造成了一定的经济负担。尘肺病的发病机制较为复杂, 目前报道的机制与机械刺激、氧化应激、炎症、免疫反应和基因的多态性等相关。免疫系统作为保护机体的调控者, 在尘肺病的发生发展中发挥重要作用, 本文就尘肺病免疫发病机制的研究进展予以综述。

Pneumoconiosis is a type of occupational disease with extensive influence and serious harm.It is a systemic disease of diffuse pulmonary fibrosis caused by the inhalation of industrial dust into the lungs,and pneumoconiosis can continue to progress without further dust exposure,eventually leading to respiratory failure and death.With the wide application of new materials,new technologies and new crafting,the increasing demand for industrial materials,the survival of a large number of dust-exposed workers during the industrial boom in the 20th century,the incidence and cumulative number of pneumoconiosis cases continued to remain high,which caused a vast economic burden to the society.The pathogenesis of pneumoconiosis is relatively complex and known to be related to mechanical stimulation,oxidative stress,inflammation,immune response,and genetic predisposition.The immune system,as the defense of the body,plays an important role in the development of pneumoconiosis.This paper reviews the recent progress on the immunological pathogenesis of pneumoconiosis.