生态护林员生计资本禀赋对其生计风险的影响——基于安徽省潜山市的调查

The Impact of Ecological Rangers’Livelihood Capital Endowments on Their Livelihood Risks——Based on a Survey in Qianshan City,Anhui Province

脱贫攻坚战的伟大胜利与生态护林员政策的革新实施双重因素使生态护林员脱贫户的生计资本禀赋发生变化,从而诱导了差异化生计风险的产生,聚焦该群体生计资本禀赋与生计风险的关系对合理改善政策、巩固脱贫攻坚战全面获胜的成果具有重要意义。文章设计针对生态护林员群体的生计资本禀赋对其生计风险影响的分析框架,基于调研组赴安徽实地调研收集的一手数据,测度出各项生计风险的综合分值,并按照重要程度进行评级和对比;利用有序Logistic回归模型进行估计,探索了生态护林员生计资本禀赋对其生计风险的影响。研究发现:(1)就业风险、市场风险、政策风险、健康风险、环境风险均为安徽省潜山市生态护林员群体面临的生计风险。其中环境风险严重程度最高;指数分值为3.13;政策风险严重程度最低,指数分值为2.76。(2)不同的生计资本对各种生计风险的作用方向基本一致,均为负向影响,符合基本假设。(3)生态护林员生计资本禀赋内部各要素对生计风险的影响存在差异。通过测度目前生态护林员家庭各项生计资本禀赋指数及其在应对生计风险时发挥的多重作用,综合考虑各类生计资本禀赋对不同生计风险的靶向作用,可为今后生态护林员公益性岗位的制定标准、人员培训、配套政策扶持以及家庭生计资本禀赋针对性的提升提供参考,合理引导生态护林员生计转型,降低其各类生计风险,巩固脱贫攻坚取得的成果。

The great victory of the fight against poverty and the innovation and implementation of the ecological rangers’policy had changed the livelihood capital endowments of the poor households of the ecological rangers,thus inducing the generation of differentiated livelihood risks.Focusing on the relationship between the livelihood capital endowments and livelihood risks of this group was of great significance to reasonably improve policies and consolidate the achievements of the comprehensive victory of the fight against poverty.This paper designed an analysis framework for the impact of livelihood capital endowment on the livelihood risk of ecological rangers.Based on the first-hand data collected by the research group in Anhui,the comprehensive scores of various livelihood risks were measured,and the ratings and comparisons were carried out according to the importance.The effect of livelihood capital endowment on livelihood risk of ecological rangers was explored by using ordered Logistic regression model.The study found that:(1)Employment risk,market risk,policy risk,health risk and environmental risk were all livelihood risks faced by ecological rangers in Qianshan City,Anhui Province.The degree of environmental risk was the highest,with an index score of 3.13;the degree of policy risk was the lowest,with an index score of 2.76.(2)The effect directions of different livelihood capitals on various livelihood risks were basically the same,which were all negative,in line with the basic assumptions.(3)The internal factors of ecological rangers’livelihood capital endowment had different effects on livelihood risk.By measuring the current livelihood capital endowment index of ecological rangers’families and its multiple roles in coping with livelihood risks,and comprehensively considering the targeted effects of various livelihood capital endowments on different livelihood risks,it could provide reference for the formulation of standards,personnel training,supporting policies and targeted improvement of family livelihood capital endowment of ecological rangers in the future,reasonably guide eco-rangers’livelihood.