小农户参与现代农业行为的影响因素——基于甘肃348户农户调查分析

INFLUENCING FACTORS OF SMALL-HOLDER FARMERS’PARTICIPATION IN MODERN AGRICULTURAL BEHAVIOR——BASED ON INVESTIGATION AND ANALYSIS OF 348 FARMERS IN GANSU

[目的]实现小农户与现代农业发展有机衔接是我国农业现代化建设的重要内容。[方法]文章基于解构计划行为理论,利用甘肃省348户农户调查数据,采用多群组结构方程模型分析小农户参与现代农业行为的影响因素。[结果](1)小农户参与现代农业行为意愿模型中,农户家庭禀赋是最主要的影响因素,行为态度、感知行为控制次之,交易费用和主观规范的影响力最小。(2)小农户参与现代农业的意愿显著正向影响参与行为。(3)感知绩效对小农户行为态度的影响强于感知风险;小农户对同伴的信任度明显高于对上级政府和村集体的信任度;缔约条件对小农户参与意愿的影响更有效,农户较为重视进入门槛高低;劳动力数量、农户受教育水平以及对收购产品中介的熟悉程度对小农户行为意愿均具有重要影响。(4)多群组分析得出不同类型小农户参与现代农业意愿与行为的影响因素存在显著差异;家庭禀赋对自给型、兼业型和退出型农户的参与意愿具有显著的负向影响,对发展型农户参与意愿具有显著的正向影响;行为态度、主观规范、感知行为控制等变量对不同类型小农户参与意愿与行为存在显著的正向影响,且这些变量在不同类型农户参与现代农业意愿与行为路径中具有调节效应。[结论]要加强现代农业宣传力度,改善农户行为态度;积极营造社会氛围,发挥周围人群的示范效应;提供技术、资金以及市场信息支持,增强农户对现代农业的掌控力;大力培育和发展新型农业经营主体,为小农户融入现代农业设计差异化的政策支持体系。

Realizing the organic connection between small-holder farmers and modern agricultural development is an important content of Chinese agricultural modernization.Based on the theory of deconstructed planning behavior,using survey data of 348 small-holder farmers in Gansu province,a multi-group structural equation model was used to analyze the influencing factors of small-holder farmers’participation in modern agricultural behavior.The results demonstrated that:(1)In the model of willingness to participate in modern agricultural behavior of small-holder farmers,the family endowment of small-holder farmers was the most important factor,followed by behavior attitude and perceived behavior control,and transaction costs and subjective norms had the least influence.(2)The willingness of small-holder farmers to participate in modern agriculture significantly positively affected their participation behavior.(3)Perceived performance had a stronger influence on small-holder farmers’behavior and their attitudes than perceived risks;small-holder farmers’trust in their peers was significantly higher than their trust in higher-level governments and village collectives;contract conditions had a more effective impact on smallholder farmers’willingness to participate,and small-holder farmers paid more attention to the barriers to entry into modern agriculture;the number of labor force,the education level of small-holder farmers,and the familiarity with the intermediary of purchasing products all had an important influence on the behavioral willingness of smallholder farmers.(4)Multi-group analysis showed that there were significant differences in the factors affecting the willingness and behavior of different types of small-holder farmers to participate in modern agriculture;family endowments had a significant negative impact on the willingness to participate in self-sufficiency,part-time and exit farmers,and it played a negative impact on development farmers.The willingness to participate had a significant positive impact.Behavioral attitudes,subjective norms,perceived behavior control and other variables had significant positive effects on the willingness and behavior of different types of small-holder farmers to participate,and these variables had a moderating effect in the willingness and behavior paths of different types of small-holderfarmers to participate in modern agriculture.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the propaganda of modern agriculture and improve the behavior and small-holder farmers’attitude;actively create a social atmosphere and give play to the demonstration effect of the surrounding people;provide technical,financial and market information support to enhance small-holder farmers’control over modern agriculture;vigorously cultivate and develop new agricultural business entities,to integrate small-holder farmers into a differentiated policy support system designed for modern agriculture.