新入职护士角色转换压力、职业紧张对职业倦怠的影响

Effects of role switching pressure and occupational stress on job burnout of new nurses

目的 了解新入职护士角色转换压力、职业紧张和职业倦怠状况,分析角色转换压力和职业紧张对职业倦怠的影响。方法 采用便利抽样法,于2020年7—11月抽取北京市6家三级甲等医院246名新入职护士作为调查对象,使用角色转换压力量表、职业紧张量表和职业倦怠量表进行调查并对数据进行分析。结果 新入职护士职业倦怠得分为(66.23±12.41)分,角色转换压力得分为(74.28±12.58)分,职业紧张得分为(384.56±81.26)分。不同年龄、学历、婚姻状况、实习时间及每个月夜班数的新入职护士角色转换压力得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);不同学历、实习时间及每月夜班数的新入职护士职业紧张得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);不同性别、年龄、学历、婚姻状况、实习时间及每月夜班数的新入职护士职业倦怠得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。新入职护士职业倦怠与角色转换压力和职业紧张均呈正相关(r=0.622、0.569,均P<0.01),角色转换压力与职业紧张呈正相关(r=0.618,P<0.01);角色转换压力和职业紧张可联合解释新入职护士职业倦怠33.4%的变异。结论 新入职护士角色转换压力和职业紧张与职业倦怠关系密切,降低角色转换压力和职业紧张水平有利于改善其职业倦怠状况。

Objective To investigate the status of role switching pressure,occupational stress and job burnout of new nurses,analyze the impact of role switching pressure and occupational stress on job burnout. Methods A total of 246 new nurses from six grade-A tertiary hospitals in Beijing were selected by convenient sampling method from July to November 2020. They were investigated by role switching stress scale,occupational stress scale and job burnout scale. Results The scores of job burnout,role switching stress and occupational stress in new nurses were(66.23±12.41),(74.28±12.58) and(384.56±81.26)points,respectively.There were statistically significant differences in the scores of role switching pressure among new nurses with different age,educational background,marital status,internship time and the number of night shifts per month(all P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the scores of occupational stress among new nurses with different educational background,internship time and the number of night shifts per month(all P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the scores of job burnout of new nurses with different gender,age,educational background,marital status,internship time and the number of night shifts per month(all P<0.05). The job burnout of new nurses was positively correlated with role switching pressure and occupational stress(r=0.622,0.569,both P<0.01),and the role switching pressure was positively correlated with occupational stress(r=0.618,P <0.01). The role switching pressure and occupational stress can jointly explain 33.4% of the variation of job burnout of new nurses. Conclusion There is a close relationship between role switching pressure,occupational stress and job burnout of new nurses,and reducing the level of role switching pressure and occupational stress is helpful to improve their job burnout.