我国进口干酪制品中硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐含量调查及暴露风险评估研究

Content analysis and exposure risk assessment of nitrate and nitrite in imported cheese products in China

目的了解我国进口干酪制品中硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐含量水平,并评估我国成人干酪消费人群健康风险。方法基于我国市售的进口干酪制品中硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐含量和2012年我国居民干酪消费量数据,通过概率评估方法,对我国成人干酪消费人群的膳食硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐暴露量进行估计,并分别与联合国粮农组织/世界卫生组织食品添加剂联合专家委员会(JECFA)制定的硝酸盐每日允许摄入量(ADI)和欧洲食品安全局(EFSA)制定的亚硝酸盐ADI比较后进行风险表征。结果162份进口干酪样品中,硝酸盐的检出率为89.5%,平均含量为11.23 mg/kg;亚硝酸盐仅2份检出,含量为0.4和0.6 mg/kg。不同种类进口干酪制品中硝酸盐的平均含量从高到低依次为软质、半硬质、其他、硬质。我国成人通过进口干酪硝酸盐的平均暴露量为5.13μg/kg BW/d,占ADI的0.14%,高暴露人群(P95)为20.06μg/kg BW/d,占ADI的0.55%。结论我国进口干酪制品中硝酸盐的检出率较高,且不同种类进口干酪制品其含量存在差异,而亚硝酸盐检出率很低。我国成人通过进口干酪暴露硝酸盐的健康风险较低。

Objective To investigate the contamination levels of nitrate and nitrite in imported cheese products from the Chinese market and assess the health risk of nitrate and nitrite exposure among Chinese adult cheese consumers.Methods Based on the content of nitrate and nitrite in imported cheese products sold in China and the consumption data of cheese food of Chinese residents in 2012,the exposure of dietary nitrate and nitrite of adult cheese consumers in China was estimated by probabilistic assessment method.The exposure results were compared with the acceptable daily intake(ADI)for nitrate directed by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives(JECFA)and the ADI for nitrite directed by the European Food Safety Authority(EFSA).Results Among 162 imported cheese samples,the detection rate of nitrate was 89.5%,and the average contamination levels was 11.23 mg/kg.The nitrite was detected in only 2 samples,with concentrations of 0.4 and 0.6 mg/kg.The average pollution level of nitrate in different kinds of imported cheese products from high to low was soft cheese,semi-hard cheese,other kinds of cheese and hard cheese.The average exposure of nitrate from imported cheese in Chinese adult was 5.13μg/kg BW/d,accounting for 0.14%of ADI,and that of high exposure group(P95)was 20.06μg/kg BW/d,accounting for 0.55%of ADI.Conclusion The detection rate of nitrate in imported cheese products is relatively high,and the content of different types of imported cheese products is different,while the detection rate of nitrite is very low.The health risk of Chinese adult exposed to nitrate through imported cheese is low.