杭州市富阳区本地产大米中重金属含量水平及其膳食暴露评估

Occurrence and exposure assessment of heavy metals in local-planted rice collected from Fuyang district of Hangzhou

目的了解杭州市富阳区本地产大米中重金属铅、镉、总铬、总砷和无机砷的含量水平,评估消费本地产大米对健康的潜在风险,为富阳区的粮食安全提供决策依据。方法2018—2020年,在富阳辖区8个乡镇街道内采集成熟期水稻450份,同时采集超市销售大米样品50份作对照样品。样品采用优化的微波消解条件消化后,根据国家标准对4种重金属元素含量进行检测,计算大米中重金属的暴露量,并采用安全限值(MOS)或暴露边界值(MOE)法进行风险评估。结果富阳区本地产大米样品的铅、镉、总铬和总砷的平均值含量水平分别为38.0、180、83.8、77.2μg/kg。其中,本地产大米中铅、总铬和无机砷的合格率为100%,而镉的超标率为26%,对照组市售大米的合格率为100%。铅、镉、铬和砷4种重金属元素的暴露对居民健康风险均可接受,风险高低表现为Cd>Cr>Pb>As。结论根据膳食风险评估结果显示,居民消费富阳区本地产大米暴露4种重金属而引起的健康风险较低。

Objective To provide theoretical guidance and decision-making basis for food security in Fuyang district,the levels of lead,cadmium,chromium and arsenic in native rice in Fuyang district in Hangzhou were studied,and the potential risk of eating native rice to human health was evaluated.Methods 450 representative and mature rice samples were collected from 8 areas in Fuyang from 2018 to 2020.The other 50 samples from the supermarket were used as the control group.The pretreatment conditions of microwave digestion were optimized and then the exposure amount of heavy metals were detected according to Chinese national standards.And the risk assessment was carried out by MOS or MOE method.Results The average values of lead,cadmium,chromium and arsenic in native rice samples were 38.0,180,83.8,77.2μg/k,respectively.The qualified rate of lead,chromium and inorganic arsenic in native rice was 100%.The over-limit rate of cadmium in native rice was 26%,and the qualified rate of commercial rice in control group was 100%.The exposure of lead,cadmium,chromium and arsenic to the health risk of residents were acceptable,and the risk level was Cd>Cr>Pb>As.Conclusion According to the results of dietary risk assessment,the health risk caused by the exposure of four heavy metals to the native rice consumed in Fuyang district is relatively low.