论治安训诫的法律性质及救济途径——以行政检察的必要介入为视角

On the Legal Nature and Remedy Methods of Public Security Admonitions

从适用依据合法性的角度来看,治安训诫可以分为现行有效法律法规中的治安训诫、已经失效法律法规中的治安训诫和现行有效法律中适用模糊的“治安训诫”。实践中治安训诫的实质内容存在多种表现形式,因此治安训诫的法律性质也不是固定的。合法的治安训诫倾向属于行政指导行为,而对相对人权利义务产生影响的治安训诫应属于具体行政行为。目前,治安训诫存在于法无据、适用混乱和救济途径不畅等问题,为行政检察监督介入提供了空间。司法实践中,检察机关针对治安训诫开展行政检察的规范途径为向公安机关发出行政检察建议和对治安训诫的相关裁判提起抗诉。

According to the legitimacy,public security admonitions are divided into the currently valid and invalid laws and regulations,and the currently valid laws and regulations which are vaguely applicable to public security admonitions.In practice,the substance of public security admonitions exists in many forms,so its legal nature is not fixed.Legitimate public security admonitions tend to belong to administrative guidance behaviors,while public security admonitions that affect people’s rights and obligations should belong to specific administrative behaviors.At present,public security admonitions have problems such as unsubstantiated,confusing application and unsmooth remedies,which provide breakthrough point for administrative procuratorial supervision to intervene.In judicial practice,the normative way for procuratorial organs to carry out administrative procuratorial actions against public security admonitions is to issue administrative procuratorial suggestions to public security organs and to protest against the relevant judges of public security admonitions.