早期肠内营养护理对脑外伤昏迷患者免疫功能的影响

Influence of Early Enteral Nutrition Nursing on Immune Function of Coma Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury

目的:研究脑外伤昏迷患者采用早期肠内营养护理的效果。方法:选取2018年9月-2020年8月期间在山东省德州市宁津县人民医院接受诊治的78例脑外伤昏迷患者,按随机数表法分为两组,各39例。对照组行肠外营养护理,观察组行早期肠内营养护理。对比两组护理满意度、干预前后营养指标及免疫功能。结果:观察组护理总满意率高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,两组血浆前白蛋白(PA)、血红蛋白(Hb)和血浆白蛋白(Alb)水平均高于干预前,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,观察组PA、Hb和Alb水平均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,两组CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)和免疫球蛋白A(IgA)水平均高于干预前,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后,观察组CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)、IgG和IgA水平均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:对脑外伤昏迷患者行早期肠内营养护理,可有效提高患者免疫功能,改善患者机体营养状态,促进病情康复,值得推广应用。

Objective:To study the effect of early enteral nutrition nursing in coma patients with traumatic brain injury.Methods:From September 2018 to August 2020,78 patients with brain trauma coma who received diagnosis and treatment in Ningjin County People's Hospital of Dezhou,Shandong Province were selected and divided into two groups according to the random number table method,with 39 cases in each group.The control group received parenteral nutrition nursing,and the observation group received early enteral nutrition nursing.Nursing satisfaction,nutritional indicators and immune function before and after intervention were compared between the two groups.Results:The nursing satisfaction rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).After the intervention,the levels of plasma prealbumin(PA),hemoglobin(Hb)and plasma albumin(Alb)in the two groups were higher than those before the intervention,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).After intervention,the levels of PA,Hb and Alb in the observation group were higher than those in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).After the intervention,the levels of CD4^(+),CD4^(+)/CD8^(+),immunoglobulin G(IgG)and immunoglobulin A(IgA)in the two groups were higher than those before the intervention,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).After intervention,the levels of CD4^(+)^(+),CD4^(+)/CD8^(+),IgG and IgA in the observation group were higher than those in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Early enteral nutrition nursing for coma patients with traumatic brain injury can effectively improve the patient's immune function,improve the nutritional status of the patient's body,and promote the recovery of the disease,which is worthy of popularization and application.