面向航空航天的增材制造超材料的研究现状及发展趋势

Research Status and Development Trend of Additive Manufacturing Metamaterials Toward Aerospace

增材制造(Additive manufacturing,AM)由于分层制造特性,是实现复杂化、整体化、个性化高性能构件成形的有效手段,使设计由面向工艺转变为面向性能,提升了设计自由度,在航空航天等领域存在较大的应用空间。为满足高端装备对构件多性能的要求,结构设计从轻量化拓扑优化设计发展到多物理场耦合的功能结构设计和基于环境激励响应的智能结构设计。其中,多物理场耦合功能超材料的设计与增材制造是当前发展的重要方向。超材料是一种通过宏微跨尺度结构设计展现特殊力学、声学、热学或电磁特性的工程材料。从力学超材料、功能超材料和智能超材料构件等方面阐述了近期航空航天结构设计与增材制造领域的研究进展,对结构创新设计与增材制造的发展趋势进行了总结与展望,并描绘了广阔的应用前景。

Due to the characteristics of layered manufacturing,additive manufacturing(AM)is an effective means to realize the forming of complex,integrated and personalized high-performance components,which changes the design from process-oriented to performance-oriented design,greatly improves the design space,and has a large application space in aerospace and other fields.To meet the multi-performance requirements of high-end equipment for components,the structural design has developed from lightweight topology optimization design to multi-physics coupling functional structure design and intelligent structure design based on environmental excitation response.Among them,the design and additive manufacturing of multi-physics coupled functional metamaterials is an important development direction.Metamaterials are engineering materials that exhibit special mechanical,acoustic,thermal or electromagnetic properties through macro and micro cross-scale structural design.This paper describes the recent research progress in the field of aerospace structural design and additive manufacturing from the aspects of mechanical metamaterials,functional metamaterials and intelligent metamaterial components.The development trend of structural innovative design and additive manufacturing is summarized and prospected,and the broad application prospect is described.