马克思资本积累论的历史辩证法蕴涵

The Historical Dialectics Contained in Marx’s Theory of Capital Accumulation

资本积累理论是马克思政治经济学的重要内容,它不单是一个经济学的理论图式,还详细记录着“资本—政治”的运转逻辑。通过对剩余价值的生产和再生产的历史追踪和批判性考察,马克思确证了资本积累机制要将商品生产所有权规律转变为资本主义占有规律。资本积累过程也是资本权力的弥散过程和资本逻辑的布展过程。资本积累充分呈现了资本权力就是对劳动力的支配权,并以生产为基础搭建了一个关涉到交换、分配和消费等领域的资本主义权力体系。聚焦于资本主义生产方式,围绕劳动和资本这一轴线,马克思揭露了资本积累之中存在的普遍贫困、经济危机、权力对抗和革命反抗等诸多社会问题,继而阐发了资本主义的历史趋向。可以说,马克思的资本积累论有着丰厚的历史辩证法意蕴,它仍是我们批判资本主义和展望人类未来前景的关键性理论资源。

The theory of capital accumulation is an important content of Marx’s contribution to the criticism of political economy. The theory of capital accumulation is a theoretical schema of economics. And records in detail the operation logic of “capital-politics”. Marx made a historical track and critical examination on the production and reproduction of surplus value. He confirmed that the mechanism of capital accumulation is to transform the law of ownership of commodity production into the law of capitalist appropriation. The process of capital accumulation is also the process of deployment of capital power and capital logic. The accumulation of capital shows that the power of capital is the domination of capital over labor. It builds a capitalist system of power including exchange, distribution and consumption based on production. Marx focus on the capitalist mode of production study of the relationship between labor and capital. He exposed many social problems because of capital accumulation, such as general poverty, economic crisis, power confrontation and revolutionary resistance. And elucidated the historical trend of capitalism. Marx’s theory of capital accumulation contained historical dialectics implications. It is a critical theoretical resource for our critique of capitalism and our vision for the future of humanity.