民族性、文化与社会主义——安德森-奈恩命题的理论折射与回响

Nationality, Culture and Socialism: On Theoretical Refraction and Echoes of the Anderson-Nairn Interpretation

安德森-奈恩命题的提出不仅是英国新左派代际之争的重要标志,其中所蕴涵的马克思主义理论世界化进程中如何处理基本理论原则与具体民族文化之间的关系问题,也是马克思主义发展史中的重要问题。英国新左派第一代代表人物汤普森对“英格兰特性”的强调表征了其马克思主义理论研究中坚持的英国经验主义哲学传统,第二代代表人物安德森对阿尔都塞思想的倚重则表达的是欧洲大陆马克思主义哲学传统。二者的张力既是不同哲学理论传统的交锋,亦揭示出英国马克思主义研究者的理论思考由于缺乏实践经验的支持而无法真正地改变世界。

It is not only an important symbol of the intergenerational struggle of the British New Le?t to propose the Anderson-Nairn Interpretation, but also the problem of how to deal with the relationship between the basic theoretical principles and the specific national culture in the process of the globalization of Marxist theory contained in it, which has been running through the history of Marxism. Among them, the emphasis on “the Peculiarities of the English” by Thompson who is on behalf of the first generation represents the tradition of British empiricism in his creation of theory of Marxism, while the reliance on Althusser’s thought by Anderson who is on behalf of the second generation reflects the tradition of Marxist philosophy in continental Europe.The tension between the two is not only the clash of different philosophical traditions, but also reveals that the theoretical thinking of English Marxists cannot really change the world because of the lack of practical experience.