黄河流域旅游经济发展与生态环境压力的时空特征及动态解耦过程

Temporal-spatial characteristics and dynamic decoupling process of tourism economic development and eco-environmental pressure in provinces of the Yellow River Basin

区域旅游经济与生态环境之间存在压力与响应关系。以黄河流域9个省区为研究对象,以2004—2018年为考察时段,运用旅游经济发展指数、生态环境压力指数和动态变动指数对旅游经济发展和生态环境压力的时空特征进行分析,并借助解耦分析模型对两大系统的解耦过程给予动态研究。结果表明:(1)在空间上,旅游经济发展在黄河流域呈东高西低、南高北低的空间分布特征。生态环境压力则具有显著的河段差异性特征,上游省区生态环境压力较小,而中下游省区环境压力较大且生态治理形势严峻。(2)在时间上,青海、甘肃和宁夏旅游经济呈起点较低但发展较快的特征,而河南与山东起点较高但变化不大。生态环境压力变化并未呈现显著的空间分布规律,山西为生态环境压力变动低等级省区。(3)多数省区旅游经济发展与生态环境压力两大系统2004—2018年呈由扩张性耦合到弱解耦、由弱负解耦到强解耦状态转变,解耦关系趋向良性方向发展。最后,从发展生态旅游经济、注重生态环境治理、建立系统解耦机制等方面提出黄河流域旅游经济与生态环境的系统解耦与响应策略。

There exists pressure and response correlation between regional tourism economy and eco-environment.Taking 9 provinces of the Yellow River Basin as the research unit,and 2004-2018 as the investigation period,this paper analyzes temporal-spatial characteristics of tourism economic development and eco-environmental pressure of provinces of the Yellow River Basin by using tourism economic development index,eco-environmental pressure index,and dynamic change index.The decoupling analysis model is used to dynamically study the decoupling process between tourism economy and eco-environment system.The results show that:(1)In terms of space,the development of tourism economy in the Yellow River Basin is characterized by high in the east and low in the west,high in the south and low in the north.Eco-environmental pressure has obvious differences in different reaches of the Yellow River,the upstream provinces have less eco-environment pressure,while the middle and downstream provinces have more environmental pressure and severe ecological governance.(2)In terms of time,the tourism economy of Qinghai,Gansu and Ningxia have a relatively low starting point but develop rapidly,Henan and Shandong have a relatively high starting point but little change.In addition,the change of eco-environmental pressure does not show significant spatial distribution,and Shanxi is a province with low level of eco-environmental pressure variation.(3)From the perspective of decoupling,the relationship between tourism economy and eco-environmental pressure in most provinces of the Yellow River Basin shows the trend from expansionary coupling to weak decoupling,from weak negative decoupling to strong decoupling from 2004to 2018,and decoupling relationship tends to develop in a benign direction.Finally,the system decoupling and response strategies of tourism economy and ecological environment in the Yellow River basin are proposed from the aspects of developing ecotourism economy,paying attention to environment governance and establishing system decoupling mechanism.