英国企业参与现代学徒制的成本收益分析及启示

Cost-Benefit Analysis of British Enterprises Participating in Modern Apprenticeship System

企业作为以营利为目的的经济主体,其参与现代学徒制更加关注成本收益问题。基于英国商业、创新和技能部的调查数据,分析英国企业参与现代学徒制的成本收益构成要素,从行业类别和学徒年龄两个方面分析雇主的短期收益和长期收益,研究发现:生产性行业的短期成本大于服务性行业;生产性行业的投资回收期比服务性行业长;随着学徒年龄的增长,雇主的成本分担比例逐渐增大,政府的成本分担比例逐渐减少。据此提出我国开展现代学徒制的建议:多元经费投入,降低企业成本支出;采用专项补贴,鼓励学徒终身学习;完善合作机制,平衡校企参与地位。

As an economic entity whose purpose is to make profits,enterprises are more concerned about cost-benefit issues when participating in modern apprenticeships.Based on the survey data of the British Department of Business,Innovation and Skills,this study analyzes the cost-benefit components of British enterprises participating in modern apprenticeship,as well as the short-term and long-term cost-benefit of employers from the two levels of industry category and apprentice age.It is found that the short-term cost of productive industries is greater than that of service industries;the payback period of productive industries is longer than that of service industries;with the growth of apprentice age,the cost sharing proportion of employers increases gradually,and the cost sharing proportion of government decreases gradually.Therefore,this paper puts forward some enlightenments of developing modern apprenticeship system in China:diversify investment to reduce enterprise cost expenditure;adopt special subsidies to encourage lifelong learning of apprentices;improve the cooperation mechanism and balance the participation status of schools and enterprises.