三星堆出土古象牙表面病害微生物分离鉴定及抑菌剂效果评价

Isolation and identification of microbial diseases breeding on the surface of ancient ivory unearthed from the Sanxingdui ruins and evaluation of the inhibition effect of antimicrobial agents

为科学有效防控三星堆出土古象牙的微生物病害,采用可培养技术对三星堆出土古象牙残片表面滋生的细菌和真菌进行分离鉴定,并测定苯扎氯铵、苯并咪唑、制霉菌素、三氯生、特泯菌5种抑菌剂对微生物的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),分析抑菌效果,确定科学的使用剂量.通过可培养方法从三星堆古象牙残片上分离出4株分属于4个属的细菌,分离出29株分属于3个门16个属的真菌,其中子囊菌门(Ascomycota)7个属、担子菌门(Basidiomycotina)7个属以及半知菌门(Deuteromycetes)2个属.抑菌结果表明,除苯并咪唑外,其他4种抑菌剂的抑菌浓度虽然存在差异,但在一定浓度范围内都能达到完全抑菌的效果.苯扎氯铵、三氯生、特泯菌能够抑制所有细菌生长的MIC分别为64、256、8 mg/L,在复配处理中,3种抑菌剂苯扎氯铵(MIC 16 mg/L)、三氯生(MIC 64 mg/L)、特泯菌(MIC 2 mg/L)两两随机复配均能达到完全抑菌效果;苯扎氯铵、三氯生、制霉菌素能够抑制所有真菌生长的MIC分别为8000、400、400 mg/L,在复配处理中,制霉菌素与苯扎氯铵MIC分别为200、4000 mg/L时复配能完全抑制所有供试真菌的生长.可见,三星堆出土古象牙表面分布着种类丰富的微生物,不同抑菌剂对不同种类微生物的抑制效果存在差异,复配抑菌剂的抑菌效果优于单一菌剂;结果可为三星堆出土古象牙微生物病害防治和古象牙保护工作提供科学依据.(图8表6参46)

To scientifically and effectively control microbial diseases of ancient ivory unearthed from Sanxingdui,this study analyzed the microbial species and control effect. Culture technology was employed to isolate and identify bacteria and fungi breeding on the surface of ancient ivory fragments unearthed from Sanxingdui. The antimicrobial effects of benzalkonium chloride, benzimidazole, nystatin, triclosan, and timentin were analyzed using the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) value and the scientific dosage was determined. The results showed that four strains belonging to four bacterial genera and 29 fungal strains belonging to three phyla and 16 genera, including 7, 7, and 2 genera of Ascomycota, Basidiomycotina, and Deuteromycetes, respectively,were isolated from ancient ivory fragments of Sanxingdui using a culture method. The antimicrobial results showed that, except for benzimidazole, the remaining four antimicrobial agents achieved complete antimicrobial effects at certain concentrations, although the antimicrobial concentrations were different. The MIC values of benzalkonium chloride, triclosan, and timentin that inhibited the growth of all bacteria in this study were 64,256, and 8 mg/L, respectively. In addition, in the combination treatment, benzalkonium chloride MIC 16 mg/L, triclosan MIC 64 mg/L, and timentin MIC 2 mg/L were randomly combined in pairs to achieve a complete antimicrobial effect. The MIC values of benzalkonium chloride, triclosan, and nystatin inhibiting the growth of all fungi in this study were 8 000, 400, and 400 mg/L, respectively, and in the combination treatment, the MIC of nystatin and benzalkonium chloride was 200 mg/L and 4 000 mg/L respectively, which could also completely inhibit the growth of all tested fungi. This study shows that a variety of microbes breed on the surface of ancient ivory unearthed from Sanxingdui. Different antimicrobial agents have different effects on different types of microbes. The antimicrobial effects of compound antimicrobial agents were better than those of individual antimicrobial agents. The results provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of microbial diseases and the protection of ancient ivory unearthed from Sanxingdui.