采收期和采收年限对三七农艺性状和皂苷的影响

Effects of the harvest month and year on the agronomic traits and saponins of Panax notoginseng(Burk.)F.H.Chen

为确定我国名贵中药材三七[Panax notoginseng(Burk.)F.H.Chen]最佳采收期和采收年限.测定分析一年生、两年生、三年生三七植株不同生长期的农艺性状、生物量以及药效成分皂苷含量和产量.结果表明,一年生三七根长、根直径和根体积在5月和7月增长速率较快,两年生三七增长率较快的月份是6月和10月,三年生三七在6月、10月和11月增长速率较快.一年生三七根冠比(root shoot ratio,RSR)在5月、7月和10月增长速率较快,增长率分别为52.8%、40.0%和28.00%;两年生三七10月的RSR增长率达最大值95.2%;三年生三七在6月、10月、12月的RSR增长速率分别为33.2%、87.6%和47.0%,且三年生三七在12月RSR达最大值.两年生三七单株总皂苷含量比一年生三七增加90.9%,三年生三七比两年生三七增加66.3%,且三年生三七皂苷产量在12月份达到最大值.综合考虑经济效益及中药材品质有效性和安全性,三七最佳采收期为12月份,以种植3年为最佳采收年限.(图2表5参47)

To determine the optimal harvest month and year of the Chinese medicinal herb Panax notoginseng,the agronomic parameters,biomass,and saponin content of P.notoginseng plants at different growth stages(1–3 years)were determined.The results showed that the increase in the root length,root diameter,and root volume of 1-year-old P.notoginseng was greater in May and July;for 2-year-old P.notoginseng,the months with a higher growth rate were June and October;and the growth rate of 3-year-old plants was relatively higher in June,October,and November than other months.Based on the root-shoot ratio(RSR),the growth rate of 1-year-old P.notoginseng was higher in May,July,and October than other months at 52.8%,40.0%,and 28.0%,respectively;the growth rate of 2-year-old P.notoginseng in October was 95.2%;the growth rate of 3-year-old P.notoginseng in June,October,and December was 33.2%,87.6%,and 47.0%,respectively,with a maximum RSR in December.The total saponin content of 2-year-old P.notoginseng per plant increased by 90.9%compared with that of 1-yearold plants,furthermore,the total saponin content of 3-year-old P.notoginseng per plant increased by 66.3%compared with that of 2-year-old plants and was the highest in December.To ensure cost efficiency and product quality,the optimal harvest month of P.notoginseng is December with 3 years as the best harvesting age.