基于群决策和层次分析法的雄安新区公园绿地植物综合评价体系构建与物种筛选

Construction of a comprehensive evaluation system for park green space plants and species selection in the Xiong′an New Area based on group decision making and the analytic hierarchy process

雄安新区的建设是我国千年大计,将规划建设成为绿色生态宜居城市.植物为城市绿地的主体,其种类选择影响着绿地改善城市生态环境等综合功能的充分发挥.为科学指导公园绿地植物合理选择及资源引种,从植物的生态适应性、生物学特性、观赏价值、生态效益、经济价值、社会文化价值和环保安全7个方面,选择33项评价指标,构建雄安新区公园绿地植物的综合评价体系.通过文献资料分析,对筛选的216种植物指标层指标进行赋分.在专家判断矩阵的基础上,采用群决策方法计算专家权重,通过层次分析法计算评价指标个体权重,进而计算评价指标的群体权重.最后,利用线性加权综合法计算每种植物的综合得分,并进行分级.根据216种植物的综合评价结果,可分为3个等级,其中1级植物51种,包括乔木植物19种、灌木植物20种、藤本植物4种、草本植物8种;2级植物116种,包括乔木植物58种、灌木植物38种、藤本植物5种、草本植物15种;3级植物49种,包括乔木植物22种、灌木植物18种、草本植物5种.(表4参47)

The construction of the Xiong′an New Area is a millennium project in our country.This area will be built as a green,ecological,and livable new city.Plants are the main components of urban green space.The selection of plant species affects the comprehensive function of green space as it relates to improvement in the urban environment.Thus,a comprehensive evaluation system for plants is an important scientific guide for the rational selection and introduction of plant species for parks located in the Xiong′an New Area.In this study,33 evaluation indices were selected,which were based on plant ecological adaptability,biological characteristics,ornamental values,ecological benefits,economic values,social and cultural values,and environmental protection and safety,to construct a comprehensive evaluation system for park green space plants in the Xiong′an New Area.The index layer of initially screened 216 plant species was scored through literature analysis.Thereafter,experts were invited to construct a judgment matrix;the group decision-making method was used to calculate expert weights;the analytic hierarchy process was used to calculate individual weights for the evaluation indices;and the group weights of the evaluation indices were subsequently calculated.Finally,the linear weighted synthesis method was used to calculate the comprehensive score of each plant,and all the plants were graded.The plant species(N=216)were divided into three grades according to the results of the comprehensive evaluation.Fifty-one species were designated as Grade 1 plants;they included 19 tree,20 shrub,4 liana,and 8 herb species.One hundred and sixteen species were designated as Grade 2 plants;they included 58 tree,38 shrub,5 liana,and 15 herb species.Forty-nine species were designated as Grade 3 plants;they included 22 tree,18 shrub,and 5 herb species.