翻译批评本质辨析——翻译评价与翻译认知

Evaluation or Perception:On the Essence of Translation Criticism

对翻译批评本质的认识,决定批评实践的形式、方法和内容,事关批评价值的发挥。然而目前学界对翻译批评的本质,尚存一些模糊甚至混乱的认识。通过对翻译批评中外近二十个常见定义的属类考察可见,人们对翻译批评本质除评价共识以外,还存在“描述”“分析”等关系不明的认识。结合价值学的评价、认知等相关理论进行辨析,可揭示评价之为评价的特性,明确不作评价的翻译批评实为翻译认知,据此亦可探知翻译批评以认知代评价的原因和后果。

Views on the essence of translation criticism(TC)are of great importance as they determine the process and production of TC practice,which in turn,decide whether TC can play its role.An investigation of some twenty common definitions of TC shows that vague or even contradictory views are held on the essence of TC though most scholars agree on its evaluative nature.With the help of related theories on evaluation and perception from axiology,a deeper understanding has been gained on the prerequisites for being evaluation,and on the differentiation between translation evaluation and translation perception.Based on these understanding,possible reasons for and consequences of replacing evaluation with perception in TC are explored.