绿肥油菜种质筛选与评价

Germplasm Screening and Evaluation of Green Manure Rapeseed

种植绿肥可以缓解化肥工业发展带来的一系列负面问题,然而我国绿肥相关研究并不广泛,尤其是绿肥油菜。为筛选优质绿肥油菜品系,采用随机区组田间设计,以2个绿肥油菜品种(油肥1号、油肥2号)为对照,12个绿肥油菜品系为材料,在苗期、盛花期检测植株养分、土壤养分含量及土壤微生物类群,并进行相关性与主成分分析。结果表明,苗期植株氮、磷、钾养分含量均高于盛花期,而单株养分积累量显著低于盛花期;土壤中速效磷、速效钾的含量在不同品种(系)中差异较大,氮含量则在不同生育期及品系间差异较小;植株养分积累量与土壤微生物是影响土壤养分含量的重要因素,且植株养分积累量是绿肥油菜养分特性评价的主导因子。总体而言,11号(辰溪腊油菜)、4号(紫叶芥)品系优于两对照,可作为优良种质促进绿肥油菜育种。本研究结果为化肥农药减施提供了有机替代,对环境保护与农业可持续发展具有重要意义。

A series of negative problems brought by the development of chemical fertilizer industry can be alleviated by green manure.However,it has not been widely studied in China,especially with oilseed rape.In order to screen high-quality green manure rapeseed,a random block field design was adopted to detect the contents of plant nutrients of 12 green manure rapeseed lines at the seedling stage and flowering stage,and the corresponding soil nutrients and soil microbial communities,Youfei No.1 and Youfei No.2 were used as the control,then the correlation and principal component analysis were carried out.The results showed that the nutrient contents of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in the seedling stage were higher than that in the flowering stage,while the nutrient accumulation per plant in seedling stage was significantly lower than that in flowering stage.The contents of available phosphorus and potassium in soil varied greatly among different varieties,while the contents of nitrogen varied slighty among different growth stages and lines.Plant nutrient accumulation and soil microorganism are the key factors affecting soil nutrient content,and the former is also the dominant factor for evaluating the nutrient characteristics of green manure rapeseed.In conclusion,the lines No.11(Chenxi wax rapeseed)and No.4(purple-leaf mustard)are better than CK1 and CK2,which could be used as excellent germplasms to promote green manure rapeseed breeding.This study provides organic substitutes for reducing the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides,which is of great significance to environmental protection and sustainable agricultural development.