从被动防守到主动进攻:20世纪50年代初期浙东前线的海防斗争

From Passive Defense to Active Offense:Coastal Defense of Eastern Zhejiang Front in Early 1950s

1949至1955年间,为了应对国民党武装在浙东沿海的袭扰和策反活动,中共的海防斗争策略逐渐从初期的被动防守转变成后期的主动进攻。初期的海防斗争采取被动防守策略,主要原因是当时解放军缺少海空作战力量。另外,地方上的海防动员工作刚刚起步,部门之间的协作尚存在困难。因此,初期的海防斗争不仅呈现出时松时紧的特征,而且以防守策略为主。中共海防斗争策略的转变发生在1953年下半年至1954年年初之间,随着朝鲜战争的结束,新的国际形势导致国共双方在浙东沿海的对峙升级。中共中央军委随后提出了“力量向前伸”的对敌斗争策略,同时向浙东前线增派海空力量,计划以主动的军事打击和政治攻势来彻底结束浙东的对峙局面。主动进攻的海防斗争策略取得了明显成效,国民党武装在解放军的进攻之下根本无力进行防守,最终不得不放弃其占据的浙东沿海岛屿。

The Communist Party of China’s coastal defense strategy between 1949 and 1955 changed gradually from passive defense at the initial stage to active offense at the later stage,in response to the harassing activities and counterespionage of the Kuomintang forces along the coast of eastern Zhejiang.A passive defense strategy was adopted in the initial coastal defense struggle,mainly because of PLA’s lack of sea and air combat strength at the time.Furthermore,the local mobilization of coastal defense was just getting started,and there were still difficulties in cooperation between different departments.The change in the strategy of the CPC coastal defense struggle occurred from mid-1953 to early 1954 since the new international situation with the closing of the Korean War led to the escalation of the KMT-CPC confrontation along the coast of eastern Zhejiang.The Central Military Commission formulated a new coastal defense strategy of“Military Strength Forward Extending”,and at the same time,sent more sea and air forces to the eastern Zhejiang front line,aiming to completely end the confrontation with active military strikes and political offensives.The active coastal offense strategy produced remarkable results.The KMT armed forces reluctantly withdrew from the islands in eastern Zhejiang which they had occupied for years.