人类免疫缺陷病毒相关骨质疏松脆性骨折发病机制及预防措施研究进展

Research progress in pathogenesis and preventive measures of human immunodeficiency virus-related osteoporotic fragility fracture

人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)又称艾滋病病毒,以破坏人体免疫系统导致免疫功能低下或丧失为特征,最终引起机会性感染等严重并发症,病死率极高。近年来抗反转录病毒治疗(ART)在HIV阳性患者中的广泛应用使其寿命已接近正常人群。然而HIV、ART、免疫功能改变等对骨代谢的不良反应愈发凸显,HIV阳性人群罹患骨质疏松脆性骨折的风险显著高于正常人群。笔者就HIV阳性患者骨质疏松脆性骨折流行病学特点、可能发病机制及预防措施的研究进展进行综述,为临床诊疗提供参考。

Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV),known as acquired immune deficiency syndrome virus,is characterized by immune function deficiency or loss due to the destruction of the human immune system,thereby causing opportunistic infection and other serious complications with extremely high fatality.As a result of the widespread application of antiretroviral therapy(ART)in recent years,the life expectancy of HIV-positive patients is approaching that of the general population.However,the adverse effects of HIV,ART and immune system changes to bone metabolism are becoming increasingly prominent.The risk of osteoporotic fragility fracture among HIV-positive patients is significantly higher than that of the general population.The authors review the research progress in HIV-related osteoporotic fragility fracture from aspects of epidemiological characteristics,possible pathogenesis and preventive measures so as to provide references for clinical diagnosis and treatment.