宋元时期蒸青制茶技艺东传及发展考略

A Research on the Development and Eastward Transmission of Steamed Green Tea Making Techniques in the Song and Yuan Dynasties

宋元时期是我国乃至世界历史上蒸青制茶的辉煌时期,此时期我国与东亚的高丽、日本外交贸易频繁,三国之中以我国的蒸青制茶技艺为引领,高丽、日本则不断效仿,从而发展出符合本国需求的蒸青制茶技艺。本文阐述了高丽主要传承我国的蒸青片茶制茶技艺,并制造了具有本国特点的“脑原茶”和“绿苔钱”;而日本则主要传承我国蒸青散茶制茶技艺,并逐渐发展成具有本国特色的静冈蒸青草茶和宇治蒸青抹茶。最后,本文尝试从经济、政治、文化、自然四个方面分析高丽、日本制茶技艺发展的原因。

The Song and Yuan Dynasties were the glorious period of steamed green tea in the history of our country and even the world.During this period,our country had frequent diplomatic trade with Korea and Japan in East Asia.Among the three countries,our country’s steamed green tea technology was the guide,and Korea and Japan continued to follow suit,so as to develop the steamed green tea technology that meets the needs of the country.This paper expounds that Korea mainly inherits the tea-making technology of steamed green sheet tea in our country,and manufactures"Borneol tea"and"Green Moss Money"with its own characteristics;while Japan mainly inherits the tea-making technology of our country’s steamed green scattered tea,and also it has gradually developed into Shizuoka steamed green scattered tea and Uji steamed green matcha with national characteristics.Finally,this paper attempts to analyze the reasons for the development of tea-making skills in Korea and Japan from four aspects:economy,politics,culture and nature.