20世纪50—60年代内蒙古“打狼保畜”运动与新畜牧生产建设

The Campaign of"Fighting Wolves and Protecting Livestock"in Inner Mongolia from 1950s to 1960s and the Construction of New Animal Husbandry Production

草原狼作为牧区家畜环境中的重要生物,在内蒙古畜牧生产中有极大影响。传统游牧生产模式下民众对于家畜生物环境的干预较弱,因而狼害长期是牧区畜牧生产的巨大威胁。新中国成立后,内蒙古地区通过政府统筹计划与指导,广泛发动群众,总结推广地方知识等,进行大规模、集体化、常规化的打狼保畜运动,使内蒙古的狼害问题基本得到解决,促进了牧业生产发展。但打狼保畜运动不仅是针对狼害的经济建设行为,其还有着深刻的政治、生态意义。打狼运动的背后反映了社会主义畜牧生产模式的建立,以及在此之下政府对于家畜生物环境管理的增强。对于“打狼保畜”运动,我们需要结合特定时代背景肯定其贡献,但也需对其中的一些问题进行反思。

As an important creature in the livestock environment in pastoral areas,grassland wolf has a great impact on livestock production in Inner Mongolia.Under the traditional nomadic production mode,people’s intervention in the biological environment of livestock is weak,so the harm to wolves has long been a great threat to animal husbandry production in pastoral areas.After the founding of the People’s Republic of China,Inner Mongolia,through the overall planning and guidance of the government,widely mobilized the people and their wisdom in pastoral areas to carry out a large-scale,collective and routine campaign to fight wolves and protect livestock,which basically solved the problem of wolf damage in Inner Mongolia and promoted the development of animal husbandry production.However,the campaign to fight wolves and protect livestock is not only an economic construction behavior against Wolves,but also has profound political and ecological significance.The wolf beating movement reflects the establishment of the socialist animal husbandry production model and the enhancement of the government’s biological environment management of livestock.For the campaign of"beating wolves and keeping livestock",we need to affirm its contribution in combination with the specific background of the times,but we also need to reflect on some of its problems.