聚合物/膨润土纳米复合材料的研究进展

Research progress of polymer/bentonite nanocomposites

聚合物/膨润土纳米复合材料是实现纳米尺度复合的材料,结合了纳米材料特点、膨润土片层结构及聚合物可调控性。因其结构特点在环境保护、医学药学、石油化工等领域发挥了重要作用。综述了聚合物/膨润土纳米复合材料的研究进展,介绍了该类材料的结构特点、分类、制备方法及构效机理;梳理了其在主要应用领域的应用现状;总结了聚合物/膨润土纳米复合材料存在的难点;展望了该类材料的发展方向及应用前景。由于聚合物存在于膨润土片层的受限空间,链段运动被束缚,该类材料在提高聚合物耐温性上有重要作用,对井筒工作液用高温处理剂的开发有重要意义。

Polymer/bentonite nanocomposite is a material that achieves composites at the nanoscale.It has the lamellar structure of bentonite,the controllability of polymers,and includes the characteristics of nanomaterials.It is precisely because of these advantages that the material is widely used in environmental protection,medical pharmacy,petrochemical and other fields.In this paper,the research progress of polymer/bentonite nanocomposites is reviewed.The structural characteristics,classification,preparation methods and structure-activity mechanism of the material are introduced.The material has two types of composite structures:intercalation structure and exfoliation structure.It has two common preparation methods:intercalation polymerization method and polymer intercalation method.The application status of the material in the main application fields is reviewed.The material is often used in environmental protection,biomedicine,petrochemical,optoelectronic fields.The current difficulties of the material are summarized.For example,the preparation mechanism needs to be further studied to broaden the application field of this material.The development direction of the material and application prospects are prospected.Since the polymer exists in the confined space of the bentonite sheet,the chain segment movement is restricted,and it is not easy to decompose at high temperature.The material has important reference value in improving the temperature resistance of polymers,and is of great significance to the development of high temperature treatment agents for wellbore working fluids.