进退之间:改革开放以来中国农村国家化的进程

Between Advance and Retreat:The Process of the Nationalization of Rural Areas in China since the Reform and Opening up

国家化是近代以来中国乡村社会的重大议题,但是,对于国家化的认识却分歧不少,同时缺少一个分析国家化的具体框架。在以往研究的基础上,可以构建一个具有四重维度(央地关系、政权建设、生产组织和分配方式、产权所有)的分析国家化框架,据此可梳理与分析中国改革开放以来农村的去国家化与再国家化的进程。中国农村国家化有三个重要的变量:一是政治因素,革命者以现代化方式变革与改造了乡村社会;二是发展主义,发展主义不挑战相反加强了国家化的权威,而前者又为后者提供了强有力的支持;三是国家角色的再定位,即国家的角色在农村占据越来越重要的位置,并且越来越显示出道义的担当。

Nationalization has been an important issue in the rural society of modern China,but there are many differences in understanding nationalization and a lack of a specific framework to analyze it.On the basis of previous studies,this paper constructs a four-dimensional framework(central-local relationship,regime construction,production organization and distribution mode,and property rights ownership),and analyzes the process of denationalization and re-nationalization of rural areas since China’s reform.Through the analysis,there are three important variables in the nationalization of China’s rural areas first,political factors,which refer to the ways in which revolutionaries changed and transformed the rural society;second,developmentalism,which does not challenge but strengthens the authority of nationalization,while the developmentalism provides strong support for the authority of nationalization;the third,the reorientation of the role of the state,which means that the state plays an increasingly important role in the rural society,and takes more and more moral responsibility.