论纬书中大禹的方术化叙事

A Study on Dayu’s Alchemy Narration in Wei Shu

纬书中存有丰富的大禹叙事内容,其中一部分具有明显的方术化倾向,如大禹以薏苡生,以及治水成功后天降玉女。考其原因,一者先秦时期大禹叙事便有方术化倾向,另者方术内容也彰显纬书的文化底色。无论是大禹母感薏苡生大禹还是大禹治水成功天降神女,主要和疾病救治以及养生有关,而升仙背后的圣王德行意义也得以彰显。当纬书文本的知识脉络被复原,其潜在的文化价值及思想史意义才能被充分地揭示出来。

There are abundant narratives of Dayu in Wei Shu(Chinese esoteric and oracular literature),some of which show an obvious tendency of alchemy,such as Dayu was born from the divine pearl Yiyi and the goddess descended from the heaven after he successfully controlled floods.There are two major reasons for this tendency.On the one hand,the narration of Dayu in the pre-Qin period has already had the tendency of alchemy,and on the other hand,the content of alchemy reflects the cultural background of Wei Shu.Both the narrative of Dayu’s mother who swallowed the divine power and gave birth to Dayu,and the narrative of the descending goddess after Dayu’s success in controlling floods are mainly related to disease treatment and health care.Moreover,the significance of the holy king’s virtue is also manifested through his rising to immortality.When the intellectual context of Wei Shu is restored,its potential cultural value and the significance of ideological history can be fully revealed.