高质量发展阶段我国中小学办学自主权边界

On the Boundary of Primary and Middle School Autonomy in the Stage of High-Quality Development

建设高质量教育体系,增强中小学校的办学活力,破解政校关系中的“收放”怪圈,实现学校依法自主办学,需要明晰办学自主权的边界。对中小学办学自主权边界的划定,必须从中小学校的组织属性出发,分析办学自主权边界的构成。基于学校作为法人组织、专业组织和公共组织的特殊性,中小学办学自主权边界可划定为法律边界、专业边界和伦理边界。要恪守办学自主权的法律边界,需要进一步提高教育法治化水平;恪守办学自主权的专业边界,需要实现中小学内部的科学分权,限制学校内部的行政管理权,充分保障教师的教学自主权和学生的学习自主权;恪守办学自主权的伦理边界,需要坚持以人民为中心的思想,完善学校内部的民主决策机制,以便重要的教育利益相关者能够真正参与到学校决策中来。

In order to build a high-quality education system,enhance the vitality of school management and break the vicious circle between the government and the school,it is necessary to make clear the boundary of the autonomy of running a school.To delimit the boundary of the autonomy of running primary and middle schools,we must proceed from the organizational attributes of primary and middle schools,delimit the boundary accordingly,and analyze the composition of the boundary of school-running autonomy.Based on the particularity of school as a legal person organization,professional organization and public organization,the boundary of school autonomy is characterized by the legal boundary,professional boundary and ethical boundary.In order to abide by the legal boundary of school-running autonomy,it is necessary to further improve the level of legalization of education.To abide by the professional boundary,it is necessary to realize scientific decentralization within primary and secondary schools,limit the administrative power within schools,and fully protect teachers’teaching autonomy and students’learning autonomy.To abide by the ethical boundary,it is necessary to adhere to the people-centered principle and improve the democratic decision-making mechanism within the school,so that important educational stakeholders can truly participate in the decision-making of school.