积极语用:语文教育和评价的应然之道

Positive Pragmatics: A Necessary Approach to Chinese Education and Evaluation

积极语用教育观是一种最为逼近语文教育本质的新理念。语文教育能力观从语用(听、说、读、写)升华到积极语用(听、说、读、写、视、思、评),将生命内部的思考视作隐形的核心语用行为,将生命外部的表达视作感官最重要的语用行为,二者表里互助、相辅相成,构成思想力和表达力。从语文教育目的观的视角,语文教育的根本目的从既往知识中心论、语感中心论及语文工具论转变为今日的积极语用论,强调要将培养学习者深刻的思想力和精彩的表达力作为语文教育的根本目的。从积极语用课程观的视角,需要构建开放和有活力的课程体系,将阅读、写作与口语交际视为一个课程整体。从积极语用教学观的视角,需要给予每个学生主体主动、积极和踊跃表达的机会及愉悦体验。从积极语用评价观的视角,需要聚焦主体本位、表达力本位和学生发展本位,破除认知本位、记忆本位这种静态、狭隘和机械的单一评价模式,丰富对语用行为尤其是表达力效应的评价方式,以适应新时代经典汉语创新的未来工程之需。

Positive pragmatic education is a new concept considered one of the closest to the essence of Chinese education.The view of language competence has transferred from pragmatics(listening,speaking,reading and writing)to positive pragmatics(listening,speaking,reading,writing,thinking,evaluating and expressing).It takes inner thinking of life as the core of the stealth pragmatic behavior,and tangible expression of life as the most important sensory pragmatic behavior.They help and complement each other to form students’thinking ability and expressive ability.From the objective view of Chinese education,its basic purpose transferred from the former knowledge-centered theory to today’s positive pragmatics.From the perspective of positive pragmatic curriculum view,we should explore the construction of the Chinese curriculum system and build a trinity system of openness,vitality and pluralism,that is,the Chinese curriculum of reading,writing and oral communication as a virtuous cycle pattern from input to output.From the perspective of positive pragmatic teaching,it is necessary to give each student the initiative,enthusiasm and opportunities for active expression and pleasant experience.From the perspective of positive pragmatic evaluation,we should focus on the expressiveness standard,individual standard and development standard so as to break the cognition-oriented and memory-based evaluation model.It is concluded that the evaluation methods of pragmatic behavior,especially the expressive effect,should be enriched and supplemented to meet the needs of the future project of creating Chinese classics in the new era.