纠缠的经典化评价历程:高启诗歌评论的传播与接受

The entangling evaluation process of canonization:On the communication and acceptance of Gao Qi’s poetry commentary

以四库馆臣为代表,历代评论者对高启多持一种较为矛盾的态度:一方面,因为诗人众体兼擅且佳作甚多,认为他代表着明代诗坛的最高成就,“实据明一代诗人之上”;另一方面,因为诗人英年早逝及其创作和理论上表现出来的复古倾向,又惋惜地认为他最终未能摆脱摹拟而自成一家。建立在感悟式的阅读体验基础之上的这种看法,通过一代代评论者的反复强调,伴随着高启文学史地位的提升和其作品经典化的过程,逐渐在传播过程中形成一种刻板印象,迄今仍然在影响着文学史对高启的定位和书写。

Represented by Siku(四库)academy librarians,prior critics in the past centuries mostly demonstrated a contradictory attitude towards Gao Qi.On the one hand,he was hailed as the greatest achievement in poetic field of Ming Dynasty,“being above the whole generation of Ming poets”,for his expert skills of majority poetry styles and plenty of brilliant works.On the other hand,he was regrettably criticized as failure of his innovative self-contained style establishment because of his early death and historical revival inclination in poetry creation and theory.This viewpoint which was established on the basis of the empathetic reading experience,gradually developed into a stereotype after repeated emphasis by generations and generations of critics in the process of popularity and canonization.Until today,the view has still been of great influence to Gao Qi’s position and writing in literature history.