《人间词话》摘句批评的基点、旨趣与影响

The basis,intentional interest and impact of excerpt-criticism in Poetic Remarks on the Human World

王国维认为真正的“名句”必属自然神妙、伫兴而为,是创作者天赋的体现,此看法是《人间词话》大量运用“摘句批评”的潜在观念依据。基于这种认识,他重新标举两宋词史中的名句,并以之衡量南、北宋词的高下,为词学史上旧有的南、北宋之争增添了一个新的讨论维度。王国维提出的“诗词无题”论因看似偏激而招致不少非议,却可以从“摘句”功能实现的角度得到解释。《人间词话》对“名句”的摘引表彰,推动了相关作品的经典化,但应当警惕其中存在的由句至篇的“误读”。

Wang Guowei believed that the real“famous sentences”must be natural,fantastic,unpredictable and emotionally created,which is the embodiment of the creator’s talent.This view provides a potential conceptual basis for the extensive use of“excerpt-criticism”in Poetic Remarks on the Human World.Based on this understanding,he re-evaluates those famous quotations in the history of Ci poetry in the Southern and Northern Song Dynasties,and measures their high and low levels,hence adding a new dimension to the controversy between the Southern and Northern Song Dynasty in the Ci-poetic history.Although the Ci theory put forward by Wang Guowei has a prejudice against the title and hence evokes disputes,it can be explained from the perspective of the function realization of“excerpt”.The citation and recognition of famous sentences in Poetic Remarks on the Human World has promoted the canonization of related works,but we should be alert to the“misreading”from sentence to text.