“异域”到“己乡”:城郊型乡村外来务工群体的本地融入研究——来自浙江省温州市进星村的案例

“Foreign land”to“Homeland”:A Study on the Local Integration of Migrant Workers in Suburban Villages——A Case from Jinxing Village,Wenzhou City,Zhejiang Province

在乡村振兴和城乡融合发展的新阶段,城郊型乡村外来务工群体的本地融入值得关注。以浙江省温州市进星村为例,探讨了东部发达地区城郊型乡村的外来务工群体在本地的渐次融入过程、特征及其影响因素,为欠发达地区偏远乡村务工人员的阶梯转移及渐次融入现象提供了理论解释。主要结论为:其一,伴随城郊型乡村工业化初现、产业衍生集聚、产业结构转型等经济演变和发展历程,外来务工群体将渐次实现本地融入,但身份融入是“最后一公里”;其二,城郊型乡村外来务工群体的本地融入大体将经历从生计融入、生活融入再到身份融入的渐次融入过程,并呈现出融入主体由个体转向家庭、融入期望由赚取收入转向自我价值实现、融入障碍由自身因素转向制度瓶颈的基本特征;其三,宏观政策制度变迁、城郊型乡村经济演变与务工人员需求和意愿升级是城郊型乡村外来务工群体本地渐次融入的主要影响因素。

In the new phase of rural revitalization and urban-rural integrated development,the local integration of migrant workers in suburban rural areas is worthy of attention.Taking Jinxing Village in Wenzhou City,Zhejiang Province,as an example,this paper explores the local gradual integration process,characteristics and influencing factors of migrant workers in suburban villages in the developed eastern regions,which provides a theoretical explanation for the ladder migration and gradual integration of rural migrant workers in remote villages of underdeveloped areas.The main conclusions are:(1)With the emergence of the industrialization of suburban villages,industrial derivation and agglomeration,industrial structure transformation and other economic evolution and development,migrant workers will gradually achieve the local integration,but their identity integration is the“final step”;(2)the local integration of migrant workers in suburban villages will generally witness a gradual integration process from livelihood integration,life integration up to identity integration,and present the three basic characteristics that the integrative subject will shift from individuals to families,the integrative expectations from earning income to selfworth realization,and the integrative barriers from their own factors to institutional constraints;and(3)the main influencing factors of the gradual integration of migrant workers in the suburbs are the changes in macro policies and systems,the economic evolution of the suburban villages and the upgrading of the needs and willingness of migrant workers.