老年人长期照护保障机制研究——以喘息服务为视角

Study on the Security Mechanism of Long-term Care for the Elderly--From the perspective of respite service

老龄化是社会发展的重要趋势,也是未来我国必须面对的基本国情。多层次的养老需求决定了多元化的养老模式,其中家庭养老依然是我国最主要的养老模式,对于数量庞大且持续增长的失能失智高龄老人更是如此。家庭成员作为养老服务的最佳提供者,长期在家艰辛地看护和照料老人,身体和精神都会受到极大影响,容易积劳成疾、心力交瘁。因此,应当从制度层面加强对长期照料者的支援,让他们得到必要缓解和有效休息。喘息服务正是其中关键的制度安排。但我国喘息服务试点运行中存在的角色定位偏差、制度保障缺失、机制运行失衡等问题在很大程度上阻滞了喘息服务对家庭养老的支持保障功能的发挥。对此,要在环境、制度、机制交互框架之下,深化全社会对喘息服务的价值认知,规范喘息服务的结构关系和运作逻辑,创新优化喘息服务供给机制,持续提升喘息服务运行效能。

Aging is not only an important trend of social development,but also the basic national conditions that China must face in the future.The multi-level pension demand determines the diversified pension mode,in which family pension remains the most important pension mode in China,especially for the large and growing number of disabled and dementia elderly.As the best provider of elderly care services,family members who have worked hard at home for a long time to take care of the elderly will be greatly affected physically and mentally,and are prone to chronic fatigue and mental exhaustion.Therefore,we should strengthen the support for long-term caregivers from the institutional level,so that they can get the necessary relief and effective rest.Respite service is the key institutional arrangement.However,the problems existing in the pilot operation of respite service in China,such as role positioning deviation,lack of institutional security,unbalanced mechanism operation,etc.,have hindered the support and security function of respite service for family pension to a great extent.In this regard,under the interactive framework of environment,system and mechanism,we should deepen the value cognition of the whole society on respite services,standardize the structural relationship and operation logic of respite services,innovate and optimize the supply mechanism of breathing services,and continuously improve the operation efficiency of the services.