中国式产业链链长制:理论内涵与实践意义

The Chinese-style Industrial Chain“Chain Chief System”:Theoretical Connotation and Practical Significance

当前,全球价值链分工格局的变迁、竞争愈发激烈,迫切要求中国提升产业链基础能力并加强产业链的治理能力。一方面,中国在产业链的转型升级中逐步形成竞争优势,为产业链现代化打下坚实基础;但另一方面,中国产业链仍存在在全球价值链中所处位势偏低、人口红利带来的劳动力低成本对产业发展的支撑力度有所减弱等突出短板,亟需通过新的产业链政策引领产业链提质增效。近年来,链长制作为具有中国特色的产业管理方式正在从“地方经验”逐步走向“全国实践”,成为中国产业政策的探索创新,这将加快实现产业链与创新链协同,推动实现地方政府治理体系与治理能力现代化。虽然链长制在实践中积累了一些地方经验,但仍存在链长与链主功能错位、地方保护主义抬头、生搬硬套链长制模式等问题;同时也面临新冠肺炎病毒变异和俄乌冲突等新形势下的新挑战、新要求。为此,亟需加快建立国家级链长制下的多层次链长制体系;以新技术引领产业链供应链高质量发展,实现产业链与创新链深度融合;加强宏观经济政策储备,夯实产业发展基础,健全企业梯度化培育机制;加强产业链国际合作,提升产业整体安全水平,做好长臂管辖应对政策储备,提升产业链整体安全。

The division of labor in the global value chain faces changes and increasingly fierce competition.China must improve the basic ability of industrial chain and strengthen its governance ability.On the one hand,China has gradually formed a comparative advantage in transforming and upgrading the industrial chain and laid a solid foundation for modernization.However,on the other hand,China’s industrial chain still has a low position in the global value chain,and the low cost of labor brought by the demographic dividend has weakened the support for industrial development and other prominent shortcomings.It is imperative to lead the industrial chain to improve quality and efficiency through new industrial chain policies.As an industrial management method with Chinese characteristics,the“Chain Chief System”is gradually moving from“local experience”to“national practice”.It has become an exploration and innovation of China’s industrial policy.It will accelerate the realization of industrial chain and innovation chain synergy and promote the realization of local governments and the modernization of governance systems and governance capabilities.Although the“Chain Chief System”has accumulated some local experience in practice,there are still problems such as the dislocation of the“Chain Chief”and the“Chain Master”,the rise of local protectionism,and the imposition of the“Chain Chief System”.At the same time,it also faces new challenges and requirements under the new situation,such as the COVID-19virus mutation and the Russia-Ukraine conflict.Therefore,it is urgent to speed up the establishment of a multilevel the“Chain Chief System”under the“National Chain Chief System”to lead the high-quality development of the industry chain and supply chain with new technologies and realize their deep integration;it is necessary to strengthen macroeconomic policy reserves,consolidate the foundation of industrial development,and improve the gradient cultivation mechanism of enterprises;it is also important to enhance international cooperation in the industrial chain to improve the overall industry security,do a good job in long-arm jurisdiction and response policy reserves,and enhance the overall security of the industrial chain.