人类“它者”:全球生态危机背景下人类学的多物种关怀

Human“Others”:Anthropological Multispecies Care in the Global Ecological Crisis

全球灾害频发促使人们重新审视人与非人物种的边界及共生关系。人类学的跨界研究可以更好地、多方面地理解它者的社会生命,从而探索自然与文化断裂的接触地带。然而,人类学的它者指向在现当代遭遇表述危机与实践困境,导致多物种研究的本体论转向,跨物种民族志便是此次转向的一种延续和突破,为弥合人与非人、人与自然两分提供了启示。跨物种民族志将人与非人置于更为宏大且具体的社会关系、文化背景和政经体系中,从制度、体系、文化、价值上探寻多物种共存的可能未来。在新时代生态文明建设中,人类学应当进一步深化它者的应用研究,促进跨地域、跨学科和多语言的交叉,融合全球与地方、传统与现代两类知识,丰富人类学知识体系,多方面展现多物种保护的中国话语与实践,构建全球生命共同体。

The frequency of global disasters has prompted a re-examination of the boundaries and symbiotic relations between people and non-human species.The cross-border studies of anthropology can better understand the social life of others in a multifaceted way and further explore the contact between nature and culture.However,“others”of anthropology suggest the crisis of expression and practical dilemma in modern times,which leads to the ontological turn of multi-species research.Multispecies ethnography is a continuation and breakthrough of this turn,which provides inspiration for bridging the dichotomy between human and inhuman,human and nature and places people and non-people in more ambitious and specific social relations,cultural background and political system to explore the possible future of multi-species coexistence from the institutional,systemic and cultural values.To construct ecological civilization in the new era,anthropology should further deepen its applied research,promote cross-regional,interdisciplinary and multilingual intersection,integrate global and local,traditional and modern knowledge,enrich the system of anthropological knowledge,demonstrate multiple species conservation in China’s discourse and practice,and build a global life community.