The role of fluorescent carbon dots in crops:Mechanism and applications

Fluorescent carbon dots(CDs)have been widely studied in biosensing,imaging,information encryption,and optoelectronic devices due to excellent optical properties,such as photostability,tunable luminescence range,and resistance to photobleaching.In recent years,CDs have been explored for use in agriculture.Based on their light harvest and light conversion capacity,as well as their characteristics of easy synthesis and low toxicity,CDs show great potential in improving crop photosynthesis.In addition,CDs can also be used for smart and anticounterfeiting packing,food safety detection,and preservation of crops after harvest.In this study,the application of CDs with excellent optical properties in crops has been summarized,including preharvest processes(photosynthesis and plant imaging),and postharvest processes(crop preservation and food safety).Then the toxicity of CDs to crops is introduced.Finally,the present challenges and future prospects are discussed.