SGLT2抑制剂临床应用进展

Progress in Clinical Application of SGLT2 Inhibitors

糖尿病是一种以血糖异常升高为主要临床表现的代谢性疾病,胰岛素的缺失或相对不足是糖尿病发生的主要机制,目前主流治疗方法以增加机体葡萄糖利用及增强胰岛素敏感性和胰岛素量来控制血糖。钠-葡萄糖共同转运体2(sodium glucose cotransporter 2,SGLT2)抑制剂是临床治疗2型糖尿病的一类新型口服药物,目前作为治疗糖尿病的临床二线辅助用药,其不同于传统胰岛素的降糖机制而受到关注。随着临床治疗的应用,临床科研者发现SGLT2抑制剂不仅在治疗2型糖尿病方面表现出强力的降糖效果,同时在对伴或不伴糖尿病患者的心脑血管、肝肾等重要器官损伤也有额外的保护作用,然而SGLT2抑制剂器官保护作用机制尚不明确,也伴有较明显的副作用,随着研究的深入,SGLT2抑制剂的作用及机制被进一步发现。该文主要总结了SGLT2抑制剂在降糖、改善心脑血管病变、肾损伤保护、抗肿瘤等方面的作用以及潜在器官保护机制。

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease with abnormally high blood glucose as the main clinical manifestation.The absence or relative insufficiency of insulin is the main mechanism of diabetes mellitus.Currently,the mainstream treatment methods are to increase the body’s glucose use and enhance insulin sensitivity and insulin volume to control blood glucose.Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor is a new oral drug for the clinical treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Currently,as a second-line adjuvant in the clinical treatment of diabetes,it is different from the hypoglycemic mechanism of traditional insulin and has attracted attention.With the application of clinical treatment,the clinical researchers found SGLT2 inhibitor not only in the treatment of type 2 diabetes show strong hypoglycemic effect,at the same time,in patients with diabetes with or without cardiovascular,critical organs such as liver and kidney damage also have additional protection,SGLT2 inhibitor organ protection mechanism is not clear,however,is associated with a significant side effects,with the deepening of research,the function and mechanism of SGLT2 inhibitor is further found.This paper mainly summarized the role of SGLT2 inhibitor in lowering blood glucose,improving cardio-cerebrovascular disease,kidney injury protection,anti-tumor and other aspects,as well as the potential organ protection mechanism.