非晶合金微小零件制造技术研究进展及展望

Research advances and perspective on manufacturing technology of amorphous alloys micro-parts

非晶合金因其特殊的非晶态微观结构而具有优异的性能,在产品微小型化、精密化方面已经展现出极具诱惑力的应用前景。但是,非晶合金在热力学上为亚稳态,极易因热作用而发生不可逆的晶化,导致其优越性能丢失,而且,大部分非晶合金在室温下硬度高、脆性大且表面极易钝化成膜,这严重限制了它的广泛应用。通过综合国内外文献资料,介绍了非晶合金微小零件超塑性成形、精密/超精密切削、微纳尺度3D打印、激光/微细电火花加工以及微细电解加工的最新研究进展,分析了现有制造技术的优缺点及非晶合金微成形与加工的难点,并指出非晶合金微小零件制造技术未来发展的重要方向。

The amorphous alloys have demonstrated a significant prospect in the miniaturization and precise treatment of various products,due to excellent properties resulting from their unique amorphous microstructure.However,the amorphous alloys are thermodynamically in metastable state,thus transforms to the crystallization under thermal effects,leading to a loss of their excellent properties.In addition,most of amorphous alloys have both high strength and high brittleness at room temperature,and high probability of passivation,which seriously restricts the wide application of amorphous alloys.The latest research progress in the manufacturing technology of amorphous alloys,including superplastic forming,precision/ultra-precision cutting,micro-and nano scale 3D printing,laser and micro electrical discharge machining,micro electrochemical machining,was summarized by reviewing the literature at home and abroad.The advantages and disadvantages of existing manufacturing technologies and the difficulties in micro forming and machining amorphous alloys were also analyzed.The important development directions in the manufacturing technology of amorphous alloys micro-parts were pointed out in the further.