“高剂量/庇护所”策略在Bt玉米靶标害虫抗性治理中的应用及成效

Application and achievement of“high dose/refuge”strategy for insect resistance management in Bt maize

为解决玉米生产中面临的重大虫害、草害及粮食安全等问题,我国正在有序推进Bt玉米的商业化种植。然而,靶标害虫对Bt作物的抗性演化是影响其可持续应用的最大威胁。“高剂量/庇护所”策略已在全球被广泛应用以延缓害虫抗性演化。本文简要介绍了“高剂量/庇护所”策略的理论基础及庇护所实施的主要形式,概述了全球五大Bt玉米种植国美国、巴西、阿根廷、南非和加拿大“高剂量/庇护所”策略应用的法规制定、庇护所实施的具体要求和种植者的履行情况,总结了“高剂量/庇护所”策略在主要Bt玉米种植国实施的成功经验,分析了害虫抗性治理失败的教训。该研究可为我国转Bt基因抗虫玉米的产业化应用和害虫抗性管理提供重要技术支撑和理论指导。

To solve the issues of insect pests,grass pests and food security in maize production,China is orderly promoting the commercial application of Bt maize.However,the evolution of insect Bt resistance is a serious threat to the sustainable application of Bt crops.The“high dose/refuge”(HD/R)strategy has been worldwide used to delay the evolution of pest resistance to Bt crops.In this paper,we briefly introduced the theoretical basis and main forms of the HD/R,described the policy and regulation development of HD/R,execution requirements of the HD/R,and the compliance rate of farmers about the HD/R strategy in top five Bt maize growing countries,including the United States,Brazil,Argentina,South Africa and Canada.The successful experiences of HD/R strategy were summarized and the main reasons for the failure of insect resistance management(IRM)were analyzed.These experience and lessons learned from the implementation of HD/R strategy in these countries will provide important technical and theoretical support for the industrial application and IRM of Bt maize in China.