农旅融合、要素配置与农业劳动生产率

Agri-tourism Integration,Factor Allocation and Agricultural Labor Productivity

建立在农业可持续发展基础上的休闲农业与乡村旅游能否有效反哺农业的高质高效发展,是检视发展休闲农业与乡村旅游实际成效的重要方面。将全国休闲农业与乡村旅游示范县评选活动视作一项“准自然实验”,利用2005—2017年全国县域单元的面板数据,采用多时点双重差分方法,从劳动生产率的视角实证检验了农旅融合对农业发展的反哺效应及其中间机制。研究发现,推进农旅融合能够显著促进农业劳动生产率的提高进而有效反哺农业发展,且这种反哺效应随着时间的推移逐渐显现并趋于增强。相比而言,地处北方和平原地区的县域,以及本地农业规模较大、地区农旅融合整体水平较高的县域,推进农旅融合对于农业发展的反哺作用更大。机制分析结果表明,农旅融合能够改变农业部门的要素禀赋结构,加速农业剩余劳动力的跨部门转移,带动资本、技术和服务等要素积累不断深化,进而促进农业生产方式现代化,最终实现农业劳动生产率提升。相关部门应梳理形成农旅融合的一般性规律与多样化经验,有序扩大示范县建设范围,紧紧抓住要素这个“牛鼻子”,积极探索农旅融合反哺农业发展的多维路径,建立健全城乡要素禀赋双向流动体系。

Whether leisure agriculture and rural tourism based on the sustainable development of agriculture can effectively feed back the high-quality and efficient development of agriculture is an important aspect to examine the actual results of the development of leisure agriculture and rural tourism.Based on the panel data of national county units from 2005 to 2017,we empirically examines the feedback effect of agro-tourism integration on agricultural development and its mechanism from the perspective of labor productivity by using the multi time point double difference method.It is found that the integration of agriculture and tourism can significantly promote the improvement of agricultural labor productivity,and the feedback effect gradually appears and tends to strengthen with the passage of time.In contrast,the counties located in the north and plain areas,as well as the counties with larger scale of local agriculture and higher overall level of agro-tourism integration,promoting agrotourism integration has greater feedback effect on agricultural development.Mechanism analysis shows that the integration of agriculture and tourism can change the factor endowment structure of the agricultural sector,accelerate the transfer of agricultural surplus labor across sectors,and drive the accumulation of capital,technology and services and other factors to deepen,and then promote the modernization of agricultural production mode,and finally realize the improvement of agricultural labor productivity.Therefore,local governments should sort out general rules and diversified experience,expand the construction scope of demonstration counties in an orderly manner,firmly grasp the"bull nose"of factors,and establish and improve the two-way flow system of urban and rural factor endowment.