从指称-陈述与典型性看单复句及其接口

A Look at Simple and Complex Sentences and Their Interfaces from the Reference Statement and Typicality

“指称—陈述”是一对汉语特有的基础范畴,属于语用平面。语用范畴是汉语语法的重要部分。典型性是语言研究的基本原则。汉语单句(含分句)的话题是体词性或指称性的;汉语复句以分句作为话题,但却是陈述性的。这是单复句的基本区别,也是两种不同的典型性。某些句子既可以做单句理解,也可以做复句理解,形成了单复句间的接口。接口的存在并不能否认单句与复句的典型性区别。在摆脱印欧语眼光的研究中,应该充分肯定传统研究的成果。

“Reference-statement” is a pair of basic categories unique to Chinese, belonging to the pragmatic plane. Pragmatic category is an important part of Chinese grammar. Typicality is the basic principle of language research. A Chinese topic features nominality or referentiality;Chinese complex sentences use clauses as topics, but they are declarative. This is the basic difference between single and multiple sentences, and also two different typicals. Certain sentences can be understood as both single and complex sentences, forming an interface between single and complex sentences. The existence of interfaces cannot deny the typical difference between single and complex sentences. In researches that are free from the perspective of the Indo-European languages, we should fully affirm the results of traditional research.