独龙语迪政当话强调施事句的句法特点及其成因

The Syntactic Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of the Emphatic Agent Sentence in Di Zhengdang Dialect of Dulong

文章通过共时的微观描写及与亲属语言的比较,对独龙语迪政当话强调施事句的句法特点及其成因进行分析,其特点主要有:施事加格标记;动词体现宾语人称-数;施事为单数第二人称、第三人称时动词元音变长;受事可自由地居于句首;SOV与OSV语序不存在常式与变式之别等。这些特点主要与迪政当话形态较发达的语言类型特征、句法结构系统的特点及强调施事句受事的定指度较高等因素有关。

Through synchronic microscopic description and comparison with other genealogically related languages,this paper analyzes the syntactic characteristics and formation mechanism of the emphatic agent sentence of Di Zhengdang dialect of the Dulong language.It is argued that the agent must be accompanied by the case marker in the emphatic agent sentence of Di Zhengdang dialect whereas the patient can’t be accompanied by the case marker,that the verb can express object’s personal-number,that the verb’s vowels can become longer when the agent is second person singular and third person singular;,that the patient can occur freely at the beginning of the sentence and that there is no difference between regular and variable of SOV and OSV orders since both orders show nearly the same high frequency of use.All of these features are closely related to the typological characteristics of its rich morphology and syntactic structure system of the dialect.The high degree of determination of the patient in an emphatic agent sentence also plays an important role herein.