棉蚜和桃蚜取食辣椒和茄子对其发育繁殖的影响

Effects of feeding Capsicum annuum and Solanum melongena on development and reproduction of Aphis gossypii and Myzus persicae

蚜虫是茄科蔬菜的主要害虫之一,为评价辣椒、茄子对蚜虫(棉蚜、桃蚜)生物学特性的影响,调查了其取食辣椒或茄子后的生长、发育、繁殖情况。结果表明,对于棉蚜,取食辣椒的世代历期(4.68 d)、平均产蚜量(46.5头)和内禀增长率(0.38)均大于取食茄子的;对于桃蚜,取食辣椒的世代历期(6.67 d)比取食茄子的(8.15 d)短,但平均产蚜量(25.37头)和内禀增长率(0.29)比取食茄子的高。同取食辣椒,棉蚜世代历期极显著短于桃蚜,成蚜寿命和平均产蚜量极显著大于桃蚜;同取食茄子,棉蚜存活率低,世代历期极显著短于桃蚜,但两种蚜虫的平均产蚜量和成蚜寿命均无显著差异。总体而言,辣椒比茄子更适合两种蚜虫的发育和繁殖,棉蚜对辣椒的适应性比桃蚜强,而对茄子的适应能力则弱于桃蚜。

Aphid is o ne of the main pests on Solanaceae vegetables. To evaluate the effects of Capsicum annuum and Solanum melongena on the biological characteristics of Aphis gossypii and Myzus persicae, we investigated the growth,development, and reproduction of aphids after feeding on C. annuum and S. melongena in this study. The results showed that the generation duration(4.68 d), average fecundity(46.5), and intrinsic rate of increase(0.38) of A. gossypii fed on C. annuum were significantly higher than that fed on S. melongena. M. persicae fed on C. annuum had a lower generation duration(6.67 d) than that fed on S. melongena(8.15 d), while the average fecundity(25.37) and intrinsic rate of increase(0.29) were higher than those fed on S. melongena. The generation duration of the A. gossypii fed on C. annuum was significantly shorter than that of M. persicae, but the adult longevity and average fecundity were significantly higher than that of M. persicae. The survival rate of A. gossypii fed on S. melongena was lower, and the generation duration was significantly shorter than that of M. persicae fed on S. melongena. However, the average fecundity and adult longevity between the two aphids had no significant difference. In summary, C. annuum was more suitable for the A. gossypii and M. persicae than S. melongena, and A. gossypii was more adaptable to C. annuum than M. persicae. The above results provided a reference for the field layout of Solanaceous crops.